Measures to prevent the disease:

• strict adherence to sanitary and hygienic standards;
• regular;
• correct feeding.

• a mixture of chlorine with turpentine;
• lactic acid;
• iodotriethylene glycol.

Important! If your chickens have had laryngotracheitis more than two times, the law prohibits their export from the territory of the farm.

Drugs for the prevention of laryngotracheitis

Two types of vaccines are used to prevent ILT:

1. Based on chicken embryos... The vaccine provides powerful support for immunity against a particular virus. The use of the drug can cause serious side effects throughout the body.
2. Cell culture-based... The vaccine weakly supports immunity, but does not have side complications.

There are vaccines recommended by veterinarians for the treatment of laryngotracheitis in broilers and laying hens. They contain more than 1000 microdoses in one bottle. Among them:

• Nobilis ILT, manufacturer "Intervet International BV". Netherlands.
• AviPro ILT, manufactured by Loman Animal Health GmbH. Germany.
• "AVIVAC ILT", production of NPP "AVIVAK". Russia.
• Dry vaccine from the VNIIBP strain, manufacturer - Russia.

The disease of domestic chickens with infectious laryngotracheitis is a serious problem for their owners, because they will have to spend a lot of effort and money in order to localize the problem in time. The main route of infection is the entry of infected or vaccinated birds into a backyard or a farm, therefore poultry farmers need to be careful about the composition of the livestock.

Video: viral diseases of birds

Infectious laryngotracheitis of birds - Larin - gotracheitis infectiosa avium. Synonym - tracheolaryngitis.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a contagious viral disease birds, characterized by damage to the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and eyes in chickens, turkeys and pheasants.

Historical background, distribution and economic damage. Infectious avian laryngotracheitis was first reported in the United States in 1924.

In 1925 this disease was described by May and Titler under the name tracheolaryngitis. Other American researchers (1925-1930) described it as infectious bronchitis. Later, the independence of these two diseases was proved, and histological examination showed that with this disease, the larynx and trachea are mainly affected. The Special Committee on Avian Diseases in the USA (1931) proposed to call this disease infectious laryngotracheitis, which persists to the present day. The disease spread to almost all states in the United States and then spread to »Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Asia.

In the USSR, infectious laryngotracheitis of birds was first described by RT Botakov in 1932 under the name infectious bronchitis.

Later, A.P. Kiur-Muratov and K.V. Pachenko (1934), S. A. Polyakova (1950), T. S. Shchennikov and V. A. Petrovskaya (1954) described it under the name infectious laryngotracheitis. Currently, infectious laryngotracheitis tends to spread and is registered in many farms of the Russian Federation.

The economic damage in this disease consists of losses as a result of the death of a sick bird, forced slaughter, a decrease in egg production, weight gain of birds, and huge costs for measures to stop the infection.

The causative agent is a DNA-containing virus of the herpes virus family (Herpesviridae), subfamily Alphaherpesviridae. Virions are spherical in shape, their diameter is 87-97 nm. The virus in the trachea and tracheal exudate lasts up to 86 days at a temperature of 2-4 ° C, indoors - up to 30 days, on the eggshell - up to 24-96 hours. In the absence of sanitation, the virus penetrates the egg white and yolk through the shell and can remain virulent up to 15 days. In frozen carcasses, the herpes virus remains virulent for up to 19 months. In artificially infected fluff and grain feed, the virus survives up to 154 days. 1% alkali solution, 3% cresol solution inactivate the virus in 30 s.

The virus strains circulating in the country are related in antigenic respect, but differ from each other in virulence and ability to be cultivated in chicken fibroblast cultures. Some strains have hemagglutinating properties.

Epizootological data. In natural conditions, only poultry, in particular chickens of all ages and sometimes pheasants, are susceptible to infectious laryngotracheitis, but in laboratory conditions it is possible to infect turkeys and ducks, but without showing symptoms of the disease.

Chickens aged 3 to 9 months are susceptible to infection. Monthly ILT chicks do not get sick, despite the fact that the virus grows in chicken embryos, day-old chicks are free from the disease.

The main source of infection is a sick and recovered bird.

Recovered birds are not susceptible to infection, but for a long time (up to 2 years) they are virus carriers and continue to excrete the virus into the external environment. Infected birds constitute the main and long-term source of the virus, because, like all herpes viruses, the infected animal continues to carry and shed the virus throughout its entire life.

The main routes of transmission of the virus are aerogenic (airborne) and contact. The respiratory system is the gateway to infection. The virus is transmitted from sick birds to healthy ones mainly through infected air. From a dysfunctional poultry house, the virus spreads with air masses over a long distance - up to 10 km. Transmission of the virus is possible with slaughter products, down and feathers, incubation waste, containers, bedding, feed.

With the contact route, all livestock are re-infected in a short period, especially in broiler poultry farming.

The infectious laryngotracheitis virus is not transmitted transovarially.

The disease spreads in all seasons of the year, but more often in summer and autumn. The disease often occurs when poultry are kept in damp, dusty, gas-polluted, cold and draughty rooms, with insufficient air exchange, overestimated planting of birds in poultry houses and the presence of diseases.

The mortality rate of birds with ILT is on average 15%, sometimes it rises to 30-80% in acute course, higher than in Newcastle disease. The incidence in chickens up to 3 months of age can reach 90.5-100%, in chickens - up to 96.2%. In conjunctival ILT, the incidence is 5-87%.

A person can also be sick with infectious laryngotracheitis, but the disease is mild with a successful outcome.

Pathogenesis. The ILT virus, having penetrated the upper respiratory tract, penetrates the epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the larynx and trachea, and in some cases also other parts of the respiratory system. In the affected cells of the epithelium, nuclei multiply rapidly without dividing the cytoplasm. Soon, cell degeneration occurs and their rejection into the lumen of the affected parts of the respiratory system.

The body's response to the penetration of the virus is expressed by a sharp blood filling of the vessels of the mucous membrane of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, pulmonary parenchyma and the wall of the air sacs, edema of the own layer of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, interstitial tissue of the base of the wall of the air sacs, cellular infiltrative and proliferative reactions, desquamation of the respiratory epithelium and effusion of exudate into various parts of the respiratory system.

Subsequently, the ILT virus enters the bloodstream through the damaged vascular walls, where it is detected within 24 hours after infection.

Sharp desquamative processes of the respiratory epithelium (especially in the larynx and trachea) are the result of not only the direct action of the virus, but also the result of a violation of anatomical connections due to severe edema of the own layer of the mucous membrane.

Increased vascular permeability, as well as their rupture due to mechanical reasons (cough), lead to hemorrhages in the tissues and lumen of the larynx and trachea, which, in turn, greatly complicates the act of breathing, and blockage of these organs (their lumen) with caseous plugs leads to death birds as a result of asphyxiation. The secondary microflora also has a certain influence on the severity of changes.

In the conjunctival corner of the eye, in addition to serous exudate, fibrinous-caseous masses accumulate, and sometimes turbidity develops.

Clinical signs. The incubation period for infectious laryngotracheitis is on average 4-10 days (with fluctuations from 2 to 30 days).

The course of infectious laryngotracheitis can be fulminant, acute, subacute

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With a fulminant course, the disease begins suddenly and spreads rapidly throughout the herd within a few days.

The morbidity rate is extremely high and the mortality rate is also extremely high - it can be 50-70% of the total number of sick poultry. In some individuals, clinical signs of the disease rarely appear for a period of more than 2-3 days before death, some of them die without previously showing symptoms. It is rare to see a clear loss of body weight and often the bird with the highest body weight is sick. Respiratory symptoms appear immediately with no visible signs. There are obvious breathing difficulties, the bird stretches its head and neck, closes or closes its eyes and gasps for air for a long time. This is accompanied by gurgling and wheezing. There is a spasmodic cough, and the head shakes violently in an attempt to clear obstructions in the trachea. When coughing, clots of blood and mucus with blood inclusions are released, which can be seen on the walls and on the floor of the house. The head is usually cyanotic. Foamy discharge from the eyes and nostrils is sometimes observed.

With a subacute course in most birds, the disease progresses more slowly. Difficulty breathing, coughing, and other respiratory symptoms can last for several days before death. The morbidity rate is still high, but the mortality rate is lower, it can affect from 10% to 30% of diseased birds. This form of the disease can predominate throughout the period or occur at the end of an extremely acute outbreak.

The laryngotracheal form of the disease can be observed with a fulminant and acute course in the first 5-7 days. The bird can hear whistling, wheezing and croaking sounds, coughing. With this form, there is a partial or complete blockage of the larynx and trachea with fibrinous films, plugs and exudate. At the same time, the bird breathes with an open beak, which leads to a violation of the breathing rhythm and asphyxia.

In a chronic course, the level of disease in a herd can be 1-2%, but most of the sick bird invariably dies from suffocation, sometimes after different periods of time, often after long periods. The main symptoms: poor growth, coughing spasms and choking, if the bird is handled and in a state of excitement - discharge from the nostrils and eyes and a decrease in egg production.

Egg production decreases on the 9-10th day from the onset of the disease by 37.4-40% (Fig. 2). However, the quality of the eggs does not change.

In a chronic course, the disease manifests itself in a conjunctival form more often in chickens aged 10-15 days, but it can also be in older ones. With the conjunctival form of the disease, photophobia, lacrimation, sticking of the eyelids and deformation of the palpebral fissure are observed in chickens. Hemorrhages are visible on the mucous membrane of the eyes, accumulations of fibrinous mass are noticeable under the third eyelid, and atrophy of the eyeball occurs.

In some birds, corneal opacity and ulceration are noted, accompanied by partial or complete loss of vision.

The conjunctival form lasts from 20 days to 2-3 months and leads to depletion and increased culling of birds.

With a mixed form of the disease, signs of all forms appear, but it progresses more severely, and, as a rule, ends in an unfavorable outcome.

The atypical form of the disease proceeds with erased clinical signs.

Pathological changes. In the laryngotracheal form, the main changes are found in the larynx and trachea. The lumen of these organs in some birds is filled with different amounts of catarrhal or catarrhal-hemorrhagic exudate, some with blood clots; in other birds, it contains fibrinous-caseous masses, often in the form of gray-yellow plugs, partially or completely blocking the lumen of the larynx, especially its slit. Caseous plugs are usually easily detached from the mucous membrane. The mucous membrane itself is sharply hyperemic, unevenly thickened and permeated with numerous punctate and banded hemorrhages, especially in the larynx and upper trachea.

With some enzootypes of infectious laryngotracheitis, the hemorrhagic accent of inflammation is mild or completely absent. In these cases, catarrhal or fibrinous exudate is found in the lumen of the larynx and trachea, and in some birds, fibrinous-caseous plugs of gray-yellow color.

Similar changes in the lungs often develop in a large percentage of cases in chicks infected in the trachea; in case of contact infection, catarrhal pneumonia is rarely observed.

The defeat of the air sacs in infectious laryngotracheitis is also relatively rare. However, with experimental method infection, especially with the intratracheal route, aerosacculitis occurs in a significant number of birds.

The wall of the air sacs in the event of a lesion is diffusely or focal thickened, the vessels are overflowing with blood. In the cavity of the air sacs, a serous foamy exudate with fibrin clots or grains of fibrinous-caseous masses is found. It should be borne in mind that a large percentage of damage to the lungs and air sacs is often the result of an associated infection of respiratory mycoplasmosis and infectious laryngotracheitis.

Of the other changes found on autopsy, some researchers note catarrhal enteritis, cloacitis, lesions of the bursa and hyperplasia of the spleen.

The conjunctival form (atypical) of infectious laryngotracheitis can occur only with damage to the conjunctiva or in combination with the laryngotracheal form of the disease.

With some enzootics, serous conjunctivitis is found in the vast majority of birds. In this case, the conjunctiva is hyperemic, edematous, sometimes with punctate hemorrhages. In some birds, swelling of the eyelids is noted, especially the lower. In some hens and chickens, there is an accumulation of fibrinous-caseous masses, sticking of the eyelids, opacity of the cornea, sometimes with the development of panophthalmitis.

Histological changes. Histological examination of the larynx and trachea reveals pronounced edema and cellular infiltration of the mucous and submucous membranes. Sometimes swelling of the mucous membrane destroys its normal structure, which leads to the presence of perivascular hemorrhage. 3-5 days after infection, continuous cellular infiltration with small lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells and eosinophilic leukocytes is noted in the larynx. However, characteristic is the detection in the nuclei of epithelial cells of the affected mucous membrane of the larynx, trachea and bronchi of intranuclear inclusions (acidophilic bodies) - virus-specific nuclear inclusions. They are found in cells with an enlarged nucleus. They can be round, sausage or diplococcus-shaped and occupy half of the cell nucleus. An unpainted area is visible around the nuclear inclusion.

Immunity. The serum of birds and hyperimmune birds that have recovered from infectious laryngotracheitis contains specific neutralizing antibodies. Recovered birds acquire strong immunity, which is passed on to offspring through eggs.

Diagnosis. Epizootological data and symptoms of the disease in acute course are characteristic of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT). However, the chronic course of ILT cannot be distinguished from other respiratory diseases.

The virus must be isolated to confirm the diagnosis. The material for the study is fresh corpses, a clinically sick bird (4-5 heads), exudate from the trachea, as well as scrapings of the affected mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea.

This is done as follows:

Sowing of tracheal exudate on chorion-allantoic membranes;

Sowing on cell cultures;

RDP with tracheal exudate or infected chorion-allantoic membrane (CAO) using hyperimmune sera;

Detection of herpes viruses by electron microscopy: in the tracheal exudate; growth in KhAO; immunofluorescence; Elisa using monoclocal antibodies to ILT virus or ELISA;

Histological examination - detection of virus-specific intranuclear inclusions in the epithelium of the mucous membrane, Safe-Reed corpuscles.

The identification of the virus is carried out by the neutralization reaction (RN) on 10-11-day-old chicken embryos with specific antisera of hens or rabbits.

Differential diagnosis. Clinical signs of infectious laryngotracheitis are similar in some cases to other avian diseases, therefore, when diagnosing them, it is necessary to exclude Newcastle disease, respiratory mycoplasmosis, infectious bronchitis, smallpox, infectious rhinitis, chronic pasteurellosis, hypovitaminosis A, ammonia blindness. Respiratory mycoplasmosis spreads slowly. Among the diseased, a large number of emaciated birds - "crackers", fall ill mainly young animals 5-7 months of age. Autopsy reveals lesions of the air sacs characteristic of respiratory mycoplasmosis - aerosacculitis - their walls are thickened, opaque, covered with fibrinous films. Poultry mortality is insignificant. When sowing on special nutrient media, the pathogen Mycoplasma gallicepticum is isolated from the air sacs and lungs; with retrospective diagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), specific antibodies are isolated.

Infectious bronchitis of chickens is observed in them up to 30 days of age; proceeds mainly with damage to the bronchi, lungs and the lower part of the trachea. Infection of 9-day-old chicken embryos causes the death of embryos at the end of incubation with characteristic signs of dwarfism, mummification without bacterial decomposition. The final diagnosis is established by the isolation of the virus in chicken embryos.

Smallpox is diagnosed by the presence of smallpox lesions on the crest, barbs or diphtheria intractable overlays on the oral mucosa, as well as typical folliculitis that occurs 4-8 days later at the site of application of vaccinated material. In the atypical form - by the isolation of the virus in chicken embryos.

The infectious rhinitis is chronic; at the same time, a watery-mucous exudate is released from the nasal openings. There is no hemorrhagic and fibrinous inflammation, blood clots and caseous plugs in the trachea and larynx. In a bacteriological study, the pathogen Bact is isolated. hemophillus gallinarum.

Chronic pasteurellosis. When sowing on conventional nutrient media, the causative agent of this infection, Pasteurella multocida, is isolated, which is pathogenic for laboratory animals (white mice, pigeons, rabbits).

Hypovitaminosis A. To exclude it in conjunctival form, it is necessary to examine liver samples for the content of vitamin A. Investigate both sick chickens and those who do not have clinical signs of the disease, but are in contact with patients. With hypovitaminosis A, hemorrhagic inflammation is not observed and there are no caseous-fibrinous plugs in the larynx and trachea. At the same time, changes are found mainly on the esophageal mucosa in the form of millet dense nodules, but histological studies and bioassay do not confirm infectious laryngotracheitis.

Ammonia blindness occurs when the amount of ammonia in poultry houses is too high. With good ventilation, the disease quickly stops.

Treatment. Due to the fact that ILT causes significant economic damage to poultry farms, an intensive search for drugs against this disease is underway.

The most promising use of such drugs, which can be used in any epizootic situation, complicated by a second infection.

Satisfactory results are obtained by using a 0.2% sulfamethasan solution, 0.125% sulfazole with water for 2-6 days in a row, a furacillin solution at a concentration of 1: 5000 instead of drinking water and furazolidone 0.04-0.06% daily diet for 2-6 days.

Iodinol has therapeutic and prophylactic properties against ILT. It is recommended to add the drug to water and feed at the rate of 0.25-0.5 ml per head per day. Particularly good results were observed when iodinol was given at a dose of 0.5 ml per head together with 5 mg of nystatin. For the treatment of the upper respiratory tract in birds, it is recommended to irrigate the mouth, nose and eyes with 0.02% gramicidin solution.

Positive results were obtained from the use of a mixture of penicillin (at a dose of 5-10 thousand units) in a 0.5% solution of novocaine given daily for 2-3 days.

A. A. Zakomyrdin, V. E. Zuev (1978) proposed triethylene glycol iodine, which is an oily liquid, to combat infectious laryngotracheitis. Iodine-triethylene glycol aerosol disinfects the surrounding air in the poultry house, has a virucidal and bactericidal effect.

A 30% aqueous solution of glycosan is used aerosolically.

At the Department of Poultry and Poultry Diseases MBA (BF Bessarabov, 1992), a method has been developed for the use of isatizone against viral laryngotracheitis. It is an oily liquid of dark yellow color, bitter taste, with a specific odor, contains methisazone mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide and polyethylene glycol-400. Izatizon is recommended for the prevention and treatment of infectious chicken laryngotracheitis.

For aerosol disinfection of the air in the presence of a bird, glutex is used, Virkon S.

Specific prophylaxis. For prophylaxis, live embryonic vaccines are used, that is, the virus grown on chicken embryos, and cultural ones - on cell culture. In poultry farms, the following are used:

Dry virus vaccine from the VNIIBP strain against ILT; w embryo-virus vaccine against ILT;

Dry liposomal virus vaccine from the VNIVIP strain against infectious laryngotracheitis of birds;

Combined dry vaccine against Newcastle disease (NB) and avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT);

Virus vaccine from clone "NT" strain TsNIIPP.

Virus vaccines are used aerosol, cloaca, ocular, enteral.

Immunity begins on the 7-10th day and remains during the entire economic use of the bird. Vaccination is carried out only in dysfunctional farms, since in some cases up to 2% of chickens become ill with ILT on the 8-15th day. Therefore, vaccinated chickens are raised in isolation.

Prevention and control measures. In a prosperous household. In order to prevent the occurrence of infectious laryngotracheitis in poultry farms, a set of measures should be carried out in accordance with the instructions.

In a dysfunctional economy. When a diagnosis is made for ILT, the farm is considered unsuccessful and the following restrictions are introduced in it: it is not allowed to take out poultry, feed, equipment and implements from the farm, and during an acute outbreak - to move the poultry inside the farm.

When ILT occurs in a separate poultry house, all birds from it are sent to the slaughterhouse. Thorough mechanical cleaning and disinfection of the dysfunctional poultry house is carried out. Litter after processing the premises with disinfectant solutions is subjected to biothermal disinfection.

In unfavorable for ILT farms, the conditions of keeping and feeding are improved for poultry. Poultry of different age groups are placed in geographically separate zones, with the necessary veterinary breaks.

The import of breeding eggs and day-old chicks is allowed; export of eggs to the distribution network after disinfection, export of conventionally healthy poultry to meat processing plants, export to catering establishments of carcasses obtained from the slaughter of conventionally healthy poultry, export after disinfection of down and feather to processing plants.

The acquisition of poultry houses and zones with healthy young of the same age is carried out at least 30 days after the acute course of the disease in other poultry houses of the farm.

Inter-cycle preventive breaks with cleaning and disinfection of premises are carefully observed.

Restrictions from a dysfunctional economy are removed 2 months after the last case of death or slaughter of sick poultry, the final veterinary and sanitary measures and the absence of isolation of the infectious laryngotracheitis virus.

The export of birds to other farms for completing the parent flock is allowed no earlier than 6 months after the restrictions are lifted.

Disease prevention and control measures include a set of organizational measures, the use of chemicals that promote disinfection of indoor air in the presence of birds and partial inactivation of the virus in the upper respiratory tract, and immunization of birds with vaccines.

Laryngotracheitis is primarily an infectious disease, its action extends to the larynx - this is "laryngitis" and the trachea is "tracheitis". ILT often occurs as a complication of colds in birds - pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis. How to eliminate the disease in time ?!

INFECTIOUS LARINGOTRACHEITIS OF BIRDS(Laryngotracheitis infectiosa avium), a viral disease characterized by inflammation of the pharynx and trachea. The history of the disease was officially recorded for the first time in the United States in 1925. Perhaps the disease manifested itself earlier. Today, the infection occurs in chickens in European countries, Australia, and the United States. In the Russian Federation, chickens in large poultry farms suffer from laryngotracheitis.

Etiology

The causative agent of the infection is a virus of the Herpesviridae family. Virions 180-250 nm in size, spherical. The virus is well cultivated in chick embryos when infected on the chorionallantoic membrane, in cell cultures of chick embryos. The serum of recovered chickens contains virus-neutralizing antibodies.

Distinguish between virulent and weakly virulent viral strains, between which there are no antigenic differences. Sunlight kills the virus after 7 hours; on the surface of the eggs, it is inactivated when t = 60 ° C in 2 minutes, remains in the trachea of ​​corpses at t = 4-10 ° C for 30-60 days, at t = 8 ° С, -10 ° С - more than 370 days, in a dried state under vacuum - up to 2 years. Disinfecting 1% alkali solution, 3% cresol solution destroys the virus in 30 seconds.

Features of the disease

ILT can affect various breeds of birds, including decorative species. Peacocks, pheasants are no exception. Young chickens, which are 60-100 days old, are more susceptible to the disease, however, if the birds live in unfavorable conditions, then earlier: from 20-30 days of age. This infection can also be transmitted to humans. Workers in biofactories and laboratories are especially at risk, as they have to work with vaccinations and strains of infection. Infection is excluded if a person works in a factory with farm products. For example, from eggs, poultry meat, feathers, a person does not become infected. In birds, ILT is transmitted "from beak to beak".

A bird that has already suffered this disease cannot become infected again. Since birds acquire immunity to the tracheitis virus. The virus does not manifest itself, but the bird is the carrier of this disease. Consequently, it is capable of attacking other birds. This phenomenon is also relevant for vaccinated chickens. Outbreaks of laryngotracheitis infection usually occur after the introduction of the vaccine into the herd.

An egg laid by a sick bird can be eaten, but not incubated. As already noted, the virus is not transmitted through the product. But it remains on the shell. The infection does not tolerate sanitation. But it remains active on clothes, droppings, drinkers, and feeders for several days. After a certain amount of time in open space, the virus loses its resistance.

Laryngotracheitis symptoms

The infection appears during the off-season, especially in the spring and fall. The activation of the virus is facilitated by a decrease in immunity due to a lack of vitamins to maintain it, poor diet, dust, high humidity, lack of ventilation. The first manifestations occur within 1-3 days. Further, the disease intensifies, while the birds begin to die. The disease can destroy up to 60% of the chicken population. And 80% of chickens get sick. After 10 days, the disease covers 60% of chickens, and another 20% die. Chronic disease affects 1-2% of the total poultry population.

Signs of the disease can manifest themselves in the respiratory organs, as well as in the conjunctiva of the eyes. Noticeable symptoms include: hoarseness, coughing, flow from the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose. If you press a little on the larynx, a cough appears, redness, swelling of the mucous passages is noticeable. Laryngeal hemorrhages, curdled clots are not excluded. The eyes turn red, there is discharge, the eyeball swells. If the livestock is from 20-40 days, then blindness appears in chickens. The virus can harm 50% of birds. They begin to eat poorly, their appetite disappears, the comb and earrings change color to blue. These symptoms can appear individually, or all together. Chickens are sick for 14-18 days. The airways are less affected than the larynx or trachea. Usually, after opening, redness of the swallowing passages, swelling and edema of the laryngeal mucosa are found. The color is dark red throughout the mucous line, there are blood clots. Often, the respiratory tract and lungs are less affected. However, if other infections have joined the ILT, then the disease manifests itself quite aggressively.

Catarrhal - hemorrhagic and fibrinous inflammation of the trachea, edema and desquamation of the mucous membranes with hemorrhages prevail.

To detect the virus, the contents of the trachea from sick chickens are used. The virus is identified in the neutralization reaction (PH). Differentially, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, smallpox, and respiratory mycoplasmosis should be excluded.

Treatment and prevention

Vaccination during an exacerbation of the disease is impractical. Since this can aggravate the already unfavorable position of the birds. If there is a desire to vaccinate chickens, then you need to take into account that you will have to do this periodically. This is financially disadvantageous. The virus then remains on the farm. Therefore, it will be better if you get rid of this batch of chickens completely, thoroughly disinfect the premises and bring in a new batch. If this procedure is not possible, then only those birds that are most affected by the virus can be discarded. Treat the rest of the chickens.

Treatment of the infection is non-specific. An integrated approach is required to improve the health of the bird population. First, you need to provide a good rational diet and conditions: ventilation, airing, heating. Secondly, use medications while feeding. Antibiotics can be used: tetracyclines, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin. Furazolidone powder is mixed into food at the rate of 8 g per 10 kg of feed. You can additionally treat the room with sprays by spraying lactic acid or iodotriethylene glycol. They are used in the presence of chickens. Disinfection can be done by sublimation of chlorine turpentine at the rate of 2 g of bleach and 0.2 g of turpentine per 1 cubic meter. room volume, exposure 15 minutes. They drink solutions of complex vitamins - "RexVital", "Chiktonik", "Aminivital", "Nitamin" and others. The preparation "ASD-2" is added to a wet mash at a dose of 1 ml per 100 head.

Preventive measures of ILT are aimed at preventing infection, suppressing the introduction of infection into production. In favorable conditions for keeping chickens, vaccination of healthy individuals is considered useless. Moreover, this method can infect and infect chickens. Therefore, vaccination is used only in two extreme cases: when vaccinated chickens arrive from other poultry farms, or in order to treat the herd left after the culling of sick chickens. There are not many effective ways to fight. The most effective method is eye instillation (topical treatment). Drinking with antibiotics and disinfecting with sprays gives a better treatment result. The vaccine is administered to chickens at the age of 30-60 days. Chickens who are vaccinated once from 2 months of age. Chickens - 2 times, with an interval of 1 month.

Laryngotracheitis is a very serious type of bird disease that can kill more than half of the birds. The main source of infection is vaccinated chickens imported from other farms, or infected birds. An effective means of protection against this virus is the slaughter of the entire livestock, disinfection, and the introduction of a new batch. To exclude the slaughter of the entire herd by mistake, considering that the disease is caused by an infection of laryngotracheitis, it is necessary to conduct an analysis. However, this method is impractical to apply in the private sector. But, domestic chickens can also get sick. For private backyards, a partial recovery approach can be adopted by selecting chickens that are less exposed to infestation. Vaccination is carried out after the conclusion of an expert doctor. Having introduced the vaccine once, it will be necessary to regularly vaccinate the entire livestock during the period of the farm's existence. And bear the financial costs.

Economic costs include:

• drug and prevention costs;
• costs of veterinary services;
• loss of production associated with the loss of productivity of the poultry enterprise;
• death of young animals.

We hope this information and our advice will help you! Health to your chickens!

Laryngotracheitis is a disease resulting from the ingestion of a virus. Chickens mainly suffer from laryngotracheitis, especially in large farms. The virus infects the larynx and trachea, in rare cases, the bird may develop conjunctivitis or problems with nasal breathing.

Outbreaks of this disease are recorded in all parts of the world, regardless of climatic conditions. Most often, laryngotracheitis is ill at the age of 40 to 100 days.

Like any other disease, laryngotracheitis has its own distinctive symptoms, which include:

• and whistling while breathing;
• when squeezing the chest, the chicken begins to cough;
• mucus may be secreted from the eyes and nose;
• when examining the larynx, the veterinarian can detect swelling and redness, as well as punctate hemorrhages on the mucous membrane;
• sputum clots can be observed on the walls of the larynx.