Trade education. Specialty "Trading"

On the verge of graduating from school, young people are thinking about choosing a sought-after specialty. Those youth who have can connect their future with banking, sales, personnel management and many other industries. One of these specialties is trade. Commerce by industry - what kind of profession is it? In this article you will find a comprehensive answer to your question.

Why study trading?

Sales surround us everywhere: on the subway, at school, at work, on the way home, at public events. Businessmen sell goods, services and even training on how to build their business. Advertising from billboards convinces a person of the advisability of buying a new vacuum cleaner, and on the radio a pleasant female voice gives the address of a new veterinary clinic to which you should definitely take your pet.

The era of trade and market relations is on a pedestal that it has no intention of leaving. In these conditions, the labor market is in desperate need of qualified personnel to fill their jobs.

You might think that persuasion and talent alone are enough to make sales, but this is not always the case. A specialist with a specialized diploma will be among his colleagues in terms of career growth and high income prospects. Also, a certified merchant comes to his workplace already trained; he will not have to delve into the work process for a very long time, since during his studies many aspects of his activity will be worked out in practice. If a person has a desire to work in trade, then he should definitely improve his level, get an education in order to improve his inclinations.

Commerce by industry: what kind of profession is it?

A graduate of a college or university with a degree in Commerce must be ready to become a professional in the field of selling goods or services. Upon graduation from a university or secondary specialized educational institution, he will be able to organize the process of sales and promotion of goods among consumers, as well as resolve all legal aspects of sales.

Among the many useful professions in this sphere of human activity, commerce by industry occupies a special place. What kind of profession is this, what are the main competencies of a specialist, where to work with such a diploma? The application of this knowledge is possible in many areas. A young specialist can organize the commercial activities of online stores, ensure the purchase and sale of goods and services, formulate an assortment, document trade transactions, provide solutions to organizational, economic and socio-psychological problems of the enterprise, study supply and demand in the market and even hire sellers, forwarders and much more.

Where to work after receiving a diploma

Let's figure out what character traits and skills a person with can master the specialty "Commerce" by industry. What kind of profession is this, and what should a young specialist do after receiving a diploma? The most important thing that is required from a person entering this faculty is entrepreneurship, perseverance in achieving goals, the ability to make decisions very quickly, and sometimes not only for himself, but also for the whole team. If all these qualities are inherent in you, then communication and organizational skills will be a pleasant addition, because working all your life as a sales manager is not the ultimate dream.

It is also worth developing your RAM so as not to get confused in all these barcodes, invoices and regulatory documents. As in any other profession, a businessman may find himself in a stressful situation, from which he must be able to get out of it as painlessly as possible thanks to emotional-volitional stability and composure. It is very easy to get a job with this diploma. Online trading companies, purchasing departments, wholesale and retail trade organizations, the service sector and the hotel and restaurant business will be happy to hire such a specialist. This is such a profitable business - commerce by industry. What kind of profession is this? Feedback from alumni will help you better understand this issue.

What do students say?

Among most people, there is an opinion that the specialty "Commerce" is an ordinary salesperson. This opinion is wrong. With specialized education, you can achieve career growth and advance to high positions. Thus, a philologist will never become the head of the personnel management department, and a lawyer will never become a chief accountant. Everything is logical and simple. Do you want your own business? This profession is ideal for obtaining the knowledge necessary for a startup that cannot be obtained from the Internet. Many business graduates think so.

Where can you get a business education?

We figured out what the specialty “Commerce” is by industry, what kind of profession it is. Photos of typical businessmen appear on the pages of Forbes magazine and The Guardian.

To have such an education, you must graduate from one of these educational institutions:

Moscow State Institute of International Relations.
National Research Technological University.
Russian State and others.

Higher education in this area will provide the necessary knowledge and open the door to greater economic relations.

Previously, this state standard had the number 351300 (according to the Classifier of directions and specialties of higher professional education)

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

STATE EDUCATIONAL

STANDARD

HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

Speciality

Qualification: commerce specialist

Introduced from the moment of approval

Moscow 2000

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIALTY

351300 COMMERCIAL (trading business)

The specialty was approved by order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation on March 2, 2000 No. 686

Graduate qualification: Commerce Specialist.

The standard period for mastering the basic educational program for graduate training in specialty 351300 Commerce (trade business) for full-time study is 5 years.

Qualification characteristics of the graduate.

A commerce specialist is a specialist in organizing processes related to the purchase and sale, exchange and promotion of goods from producers to consumers in order to satisfy consumer demand and make a profit.

The area of professional activity of a commerce specialist is the sphere of commodity circulation.

The objects of commerce, as a professional activity of graduates, are goods. A product should be understood as products from branches of material and intangible production that enter the market for purchase, sale or exchange (consumer goods, goods for industrial and technical purposes, services, real estate, securities, loans, spiritual-informational, intellectual products, etc. ).

The graduate must be prepared to perform the following types of professional activities:

commercial and organizational;
scientific research;
design and analytical.

Specific types of activities are determined by the content of the educational professional program developed by the university.

Graduates can work in educational institutions in accordance with the established procedure.

A commercial specialist must be prepared to solve the following professional tasks:

a) commercial and organizational activities:

selection of goods and formation of product assortment, selection of buyers and suppliers;
planning and organizing processes for purchasing and selling goods;
organization of commercial settlements;
organization of product distribution and creation of a sales promotion system;
inventory management;

b) research activities:

research and analysis of commodity markets;
research of the range and competitiveness of goods;
research and modeling of business technologies;
analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of commercial activities;
research into information and methodological support for commercial activities in order to optimize it;

c) design and analytical activities:

designing information support for commercial activities;
forecasting commodity market conditions;
forecasting and design of product range;
forecasting and developing a strategy for the commercial activity of an enterprise in the product market;
designing promotion processes and selling goods on the market;
forecasting the results of an enterprise's commercial activities.

1.4. Opportunities for continuing education

A graduate who has mastered the basic educational program of higher professional education in specialty 351300 Commerce (trading business) is prepared to continue his education in graduate school.

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LEVEL OF PREPARATION OF THE APPLICANT

2.1. The applicant’s previous level of education is secondary (complete) general education.

2.2. The applicant must have a state-issued document on secondary (complete) general education or secondary vocational education, or primary vocational education, if it contains a record of the bearer receiving secondary (complete) general education, or higher vocational education.

3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR PREPARING A GRADUATE IN A SPECIALTY

351300 COMMERCIAL (trading business)

3.1. The main educational program for training a commerce specialist is developed on the basis of this state educational standard and includes a curriculum, programs of academic disciplines, programs of educational and practical training.

3.2. Requirements for the mandatory minimum content of the basic educational program for training a commercial specialist, the conditions for its implementation and the timing of its development are determined by this state educational standard.

3.3. The main educational program for graduate training consists of disciplines of the federal component, disciplines of the national-regional (university) component, disciplines of the student’s choice, as well as elective disciplines. Disciplines and courses of the student's choice in each cycle must meaningfully complement the disciplines specified in the federal component of the cycle.

3.4. The main educational program for training a commerce specialist should include the student studying the following cycles of disciplines and final state certification:

GSE cycle – general humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines;

cycle EH – general mathematical and natural science disciplines;

OPD cycle – general professional disciplines;

DS cycle – specialization disciplines;

FTD cycle – electives.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MANDATORY MINIMUM CONTENT OF THE BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR GRADUATE PREPARATION IN SPECIALTY 351300 COMMERCE (trading business)

	Name of disciplines and their main sections	Total hours

	General humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines
	Federal component
	Foreign language Specifics of articulation of sounds, intonation, accentuation and rhythm of neutral speech in the target language; the main features of the complete pronunciation style, characteristic of the field of professional communication; reading the transcription. Lexical minimum in the amount of 4000 educational lexical units of a general and terminological nature. The concept of differentiation of vocabulary by areas of application (everyday, terminological, general scientific, official and other). The concept of free and stable phrases, phraseological units. The concept of the main methods of word formation. Grammatical skills that provide general communication without distorting the meaning in written and oral communication; basic grammatical phenomena characteristic of professional speech. The concept of everyday literary, official business, scientific styles, and the style of fiction. Main features of the scientific style. Culture and traditions of the countries of the language being studied, rules of speech etiquette. Speaking. Dialogue and monologue speech using the most common and relatively simple lexical and grammatical means in basic communicative situations of informal and official communication. Fundamentals of public speech (oral communication, report). Listening. Understanding dialogic and monologue speech in the field of everyday and professional communication. Reading. Types of texts: simple pragmatic texts and texts on broad and narrow specialty profiles. Letter. Types of speech works: abstract, abstract, theses, messages, private letter, business letter, biography.
	Physical Culture Physical culture in general cultural and professional training of students. Its socio-biological foundations. Physical culture and sport as social phenomena of society. Legislation of the Russian Federation on physical culture and sports. Physical culture of the individual. Basics of a healthy lifestyle for a student. Features of using physical education means to optimize performance. General physical and special training in the physical education system. Sport. Individual choice of sports or physical exercise system. Professional applied physical training of students. Basics of self-study methods and self-monitoring of the state of your body.
	National history Essence, forms, functions of historical knowledge. Methods and sources of the study of history. Concept and classification of historical source. Domestic historiography in the past and present: general and special. Methodology and theory of historical science. The history of Russia is an integral part of world history. Ancient heritage in the era of the Great Migration. The problem of ethnogenesis of the Eastern Slavs. The main stages of the formation of statehood. Ancient Rus' and nomads. Byzantine-Old Russian connections. Features of the social system of Ancient Rus'. Ethnocultural and socio-political processes of the formation of Russian statehood. Acceptance of Christianity. Spread of Islam. The evolution of East Slavic statehood in the 11th-12th centuries. Socio-political changes in Russian lands in the XIII-XV centuries. Rus' and the Horde: problems of mutual influence. Russia and the medieval states of Europe and Asia. Specifics of the formation of a unified Russian state. The rise of Moscow. Formation of a class system of society organization. Reforms of Peter I. Age of Catherine. Prerequisites and features of the formation of Russian absolutism. Discussions about the genesis of autocracy. Features and main stages of economic development of Russia. Evolution of forms of land ownership. The structure of feudal land tenure. Serfdom in Russia. Manufacturing and industrial production. The formation of industrial society in Russia: general and special. Social thought and features of the social movement in Russia in the 19th century. Reforms and reformers in Russia. Russian culture XIX century and its contribution to world culture. Role XX centuries in world history. Globalization of social processes. The problem of economic growth and modernization. Revolutions and reforms. Social transformation of society. The clash of tendencies of internationalism and nationalism, integration and separatism, democracy and authoritarianism. Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century. The objective need for industrial modernization in Russia. Russian reforms in the context of global development at the beginning of the century. Political parties of Russia: genesis, classification, programs, tactics. Russia in conditions of world war and a national crisis. Revolution of 1917. Civil war and intervention, their results and consequences. Russian emigration. Socio-economic development of the country in the 20s. NEP. Formation of a one-party political regime. Education of the USSR. Cultural life of the country in the 20s. Foreign policy. The course towards building socialism in one country and its consequences. Socio-economic transformations in the 30s. Strengthening the regime of Stalin's personal power. Resistance to Stalinism. USSR on the eve and in the initial period of the Second World War. The Great Patriotic War. Socio-economic development, socio-political life, culture, foreign policy of the USSR in the post-war years. Cold War. Attempts to implement political and economic reforms. Scientific and technological revolution and its influence on the course of social development. USSR in the mid-60s-80s: the growth of crisis phenomena. Soviet Union in 1985-1991 Perestroika. The 1991 coup attempt and its failure. Collapse of the USSR. Belovezhskaya agreements. October events of 1993 The formation of a new Russian statehood (1993-1999). Russia is on the path of radical socio-economic modernization. Culture in modern Russia. Foreign policy activity in a new geopolitical situation.
	Cultural studies Structure and composition of modern cultural knowledge. Culturology and philosophy of culture, sociology of culture, cultural anthropology. Culturology and cultural history. Theoretical and applied cultural studies. Methods of cultural studies. Basic concepts of cultural studies: culture, civilization, morphology of culture, functions of culture, subject of culture, cultural genesis, dynamics of culture, language and symbols of culture, cultural codes, intercultural communications, cultural values and norms, cultural traditions, cultural picture of the world, social cultural institutions, cultural self-identity, cultural modernization. Typology of cultures. Ethnic and national, elite and mass culture. Eastern and Western types of cultures. Specific and “middle” cultures. Local cultures. The place and role of Russia in world culture. Trends in cultural universalization in the global modern process. Culture and nature. Culture and society. Culture and global problems of our time. Culture and personality. Enculturation and socialization.
	Political science Object, subject and method of political science. Functions of political science. Political life and power relations. The role and place of politics in the life of modern societies. Social functions of politics. History of political doctrines. Russian political tradition: origins, sociocultural foundations, historical dynamics. Modern political science schools. Civil society, its origin and features. Features of the formation of civil society in Russia. Institutional aspects of politics. Political power. Politic system. Political regimes, political parties, electoral systems. Political relations and processes. Political conflicts and ways to resolve them. Political technologies. Political management. Political modernization. Political organizations and movements. Political elites. Political leadership. Sociocultural aspects of politics. World politics and international relations. Features of the world political process. National-state interests of Russia in the new geopolitical situation. Methodology for understanding political reality. Paradigms of political knowledge. Expert political knowledge; political analytics and forecasting.
	Jurisprudence State and law. Their role in the life of society. Rule of law and normative legal acts. Basic legal systems of our time. International law as a special system of law. Sources of Russian law. Law and regulations. System of Russian law. Branches of law. Tort violation and legal liability. The importance of law and order in modern society. Constitutional state. The Constitution of the Russian Federation is the fundamental law of the state. Features of the Federal structure of Russia. The system of government bodies in the Russian Federation. The concept of civil legal relations. Individuals and legal entities. Ownership. Obligations in civil law and liability for their violation. Inheritance law. Marriage and family relations. Mutual rights and obligations of spouses, parents and children. Responsibility under family law. Employment agreement (contract). Labor discipline and responsibility for its violation. Administrative offenses and administrative liability. Concept of crime. Criminal liability for committing crimes. Environmental law. Features of legal regulation of future professional activities. Legal basis for the protection of state secrets. Legislative and regulatory acts in the field of information protection and state secrets.
	Psychology and pedagogy Psychology: subject, object and methods of psychology. The place of psychology in the system of sciences. History of the development of psychological knowledge and main directions in psychology. Individual, personality, subject, individuality. Psyche and body. Psyche, behavior and activity. Basic functions of the psyche. Development of the psyche in the process of ontogenesis and phylogenesis. Brain and psyche. Structure of the psyche. The relationship between consciousness and the unconscious. Basic mental processes. Structure of consciousness. Cognitive processes. Feeling. Perception. Performance. Imagination. Thinking and intelligence. Creation. Attention. Mnemonic processes. Emotions and feelings. Mental regulation of behavior and activity. Communication and speech. Psychology of Personality. Interpersonal relationships. Psychology of small groups. Intergroup relations and interactions. Pedagogy: object, subject, tasks, functions, methods of pedagogy. Main categories of pedagogy: education, upbringing, training, pedagogical activity, pedagogical interaction, pedagogical technology, pedagogical task. Education as a universal human value. Education as a sociocultural phenomenon and pedagogical process. Educational system of Russia. Goals, content, structure of lifelong education, unity of education and self-education. Pedagogical process. Educational, educational and developmental functions of training. Education in the pedagogical process. General forms of organization of educational activities. Lesson, lecture, seminar, practical and laboratory classes, debate, conference, test, exam, elective classes, consultation. Methods, techniques, means of organizing and managing the pedagogical process. The family as a subject of pedagogical interaction and the sociocultural environment of education and personality development. Management of educational systems.
	Russian language and culture of speech Styles of modern Russian language. Vocabulary, grammar, syntax, functional and statistical composition of book speech. Conditions for the functioning of spoken speech and the role of extra-linguistic factors. Linguistic and extralinguistic factors of public speech. Sphere of functioning, species diversity, linguistic features of official business style. Interpenetration of styles. Specificity of elements of all language levels in scientific speech. Genre differentiation, selection of linguistic means in a journalistic style. Features of oral public speech. The speaker and his audience. Main types of arguments. Preparation of a speech: choosing a topic, purpose of speech, searching for material, beginning, development and completion of speech. Basic techniques for searching for materials and types of auxiliary materials. Verbal presentation of a public speech. Clarity, informativeness and expressiveness of public speech. Language formulas of official documents. Techniques for unifying the language of official documents. International properties of Russian official business writing. Language and style of administrative documents. Language and style of commercial correspondence. Language and style of instructional and methodological documents. Advertising in business speech. Rules for document preparation. Speech etiquette in a document. Basic units of communication (speech event, speech situation, speech interaction). Normative, communicative, ethical aspects of oral and written speech. Speech culture and improvement of literate writing and speaking (literary pronunciation, semantic stress, word order functions, word usage). Nonverbal means of communication. Speech norms for educational and scientific fields of activity.
	Sociology Background and socio-philosophical premises of sociology as a science. Sociological project of O. Comte. Classic sociological theories. Modern sociological theories. Russian sociological thought. Society and social institutions. World system and processes of globalization. Social groups and communities. Types of communities. Community and personality. Small groups and teams. Social organization. Social movements. Social inequality, stratification and social mobility. The concept of social status. Social interaction and social relationships. Public opinion as an institution of civil society. Culture as a factor of social change. Interaction of economics, social relations and culture. Personality as a social type. Social control and deviation. Personality as an active subject. Social changes. Social revolutions and reforms. Social progress concept. Formation of the world system. Russia's place in the world community. Methods of sociological research.
	Philosophy Subject of philosophy. The place and role of philosophy in culture. The formation of philosophy. Main directions, schools of philosophy and stages of its historical development. The structure of philosophical knowledge. The doctrine of being. Monistic and pluralistic concepts of being, self-organization of being. Concepts of material and ideal. Space, time. Movement and development, dialectics. Determinism and indeterminism. Dynamic and statistical patterns. Scientific, philosophical and religious pictures of the world. Man, society, culture. Human and nature. Society and its structure. Civil society and the state. A person in a system of social connections. Man and the historical process: personality and masses, freedom and necessity. Formational and civilizational concepts of social development. The meaning of human existence. Violence and non-violence. Freedom and responsibility. Morality, justice, law. Moral values. Ideas about the perfect person in different cultures. Aesthetic values and their role in human life. Religious values and freedom of conscience. Consciousness and cognition. Consciousness, self-awareness and personality. Cognition, creativity, practice. Faith and knowledge. Understanding and explanation. Rational and irrational in cognitive activity. The problem of truth. Reality, thinking, logic and language. Scientific and extra-scientific knowledge. Scientific criteria. The structure of scientific knowledge, its methods and forms. The growth of scientific knowledge. Scientific revolutions and changes in types of rationality. Science and technology. The future of humanity. Global problems of our time. Interaction of civilizations and future scenarios.
	Economy Introduction to economic theory. Good. Needs, resources. Economic choice. Economic relations. Economic systems. The main stages in the development of economic theory. Methods of economic theory. Microeconomics. Market. Supply and demand. Consumer preferences and marginal utility. Demand factors. Individual and market demand. Income effect and substitution effect. Elasticity. Proposal and its factors. Law of Diminishing Marginal Productivity. Effect of scale. Types of costs. Firm. Revenue and profit. The principle of profit maximization. Proposal from a perfectly competitive firm and industry. Efficiency of competitive markets. Market power. Monopoly. Monopolistic competition. Oligopoly. Antimonopoly regulation. Demand for factors of production. Labor market. Labor supply and demand. Wages and employment. Capital market. Interest rate and investment. Land market. Rent. General balance and well-being. Income distribution. Inequality. Externalities and public goods. The role of the state. Macroeconomics. National economy as a whole. Circulation of income and products. GDP and ways to measure it. National income. Disposable personal income. Price indices. Unemployment and its forms. Inflation and its types. Economic cycles. Macroeconomic equilibrium. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Stabilization policy. Equilibrium in the commodity market. Consumption and savings. Investments. Government spending and taxes. Multiplier effect. Fiscal policy. Money and its functions. Equilibrium in the money market. Money multiplier. Banking system. Money-credit policy. Economic growth and development. International economic relations. Foreign trade and trade policy. Payment balance. Exchange rate. Features of the transition economy of Russia. Privatization. Forms of ownership. Entrepreneurship. Shadow economy. Labor market. Distribution and income. Transformations in the social sphere. Structural changes in the economy. Formation of an open economy.

	General mathematics and natural sciences
	Federal component
	Mathematics Analytical geometry and linear algebra. Differential and integral calculus. Rows. Differential equations. Elements of probability theory. Mathematical methods in economics: linear and dynamic programming; queuing theory; game theory; elements of graph theory.
	Computer science The concept of information, general characteristics of the processes of collecting, transmitting, processing and storing information; hardware and software tools for implementing information processes; models for solving functional and computational problems; algorithmization and programming; high level programming languages; Database; software and programming technologies; local and global computer networks. Fundamentals of protecting information and information constituting state secrets; information security methods. Computer workshop.
	Modern natural science concept Natural science and humanitarian cultures; scientific method; history of natural science; panorama of modern natural science; development trends; corpuscular and continuum concepts of describing nature; order and disorder in nature; chaos; structural levels of matter organization; micro-, macro- and mega-worlds; space, time; principles of relativity; principles of symmetry; conservation laws; interaction; short-range, long-range; state; principles of superposition, uncertainty, complementarity; dynamic and statistical patterns in nature; laws of conservation of energy in macroscopic processes; principle of increasing entropy; chemical processes, reactivity of substances; internal structure and history of the geological development of the earth; modern concept of development of geospheric shells; lithosphere as the abiotic basis of life; ecological functions of the lithosphere: resource, geodynamic, geophysical-geochemical, geographical shell of the Earth; features of the biological level of organization of matter; principles of evolution, reproduction and development of living systems; the diversity of living organisms is the basis for the organization and stability of the biosphere; genetics and evolution; person: physiology, health, emotions, creativity, performance; bioethics, man, biosphere and cosmic cycles: noosphere, irreversibility of time, self-organization in living and inanimate nature; principles of universal evolutionism; the path to a unified culture.
	National-regional (university) component
	Disciplines and courses of the student's choice, established by the university

	General professional disciplines
	Federal component
	Economic theory Subject of economic science; introduction to economics: prerequisites for the formation and development of the market, division of labor, property relations, competitive market; the unity of cost, value and price in the theories of labor value, costs and factors of production, utility, supply and demand; money, monetary circulation and monetary policy. Demand, consumer choice, costs and supply; enterprise and forms of competition; types of market structures: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly; factor markets and income distribution; economics of agricultural and natural resources. National economy, aggregate supply and demand, price level, fiscal policy; macroeconomic problems of inflation and unemployment; main macroeconomic schools; macroeconomic equilibrium and economic growth; government regulation, fiscal and monetary policy; socio-economic well-being and inequality; economic systems and their transition; general theoretical models of socio-economic systems and their national characteristics; world economy.
	Statistics General theory of statistics: subject, method and tasks; observation; information; summary of observation materials; groupings and grouping characteristics; generalizing statistical indicators in analysis and forecasting; the use of average values, variation indicators, sampling, index, graphical methods, as well as the study of the dynamics of commercial activity. Business statistics: statistical study of trade in goods and services; inventory statistics and turnover; statistical study of prices and pricing in commerce; business infrastructure statistics; commerce finance statistics; statistics of investments in commerce; statistics of labor and consumer services in commercial activities. Statistical methods for assessing and forecasting commercial activities.
	Accounting, audit The essence of accounting; enterprise balance sheet; accounting: cash and settlements; industrial stocks; fixed assets and intangible assets; capital and financial investments; finished products and their sales; funds, reserves and loans; and analysis of financial results and use of profits; financial statements; principles of production accounting. Accounting on a personal computer. International accounting. Auditing activities. Auditing firms. Legal basis of audit.
	Finance, money circulation and credit. The essence and role of finance. Financial system. Finance of business entities. Budget. Off-budget funds. Insurance. Credit and banking system. Money-credit policy. Methods of regulating money turnover. Cash and non-cash transactions. Forms of credit relations. Financial market.
	Enterprise economy Organizational and legal forms of enterprises. Enterprise resources: fixed assets, working capital, personnel. Economic basis for the development of commercial enterprises. Enterprise in the system of market relations. Main indicators of enterprise development: turnover, profit. Composition and structure of trade turnover, patterns of development. Commodity support of trade turnover, commodity resources. Sources of income. Distribution costs at the enterprise. Costs and costs of products and services. Cost structure and optimization. Taxes and tax system. Prices and pricing. Planning of income and expenses. The influence of the external environment on the economic indicators of the commercial activity of an enterprise. Commercial risk. Enterprise survival. Profit and profitability. Efficiency of functioning of a commercial enterprise. Economic analysis of the commercial activities of an enterprise.
	Management Concept, essence, patterns, principles and main categories of management. Evolution of management concepts. History and features of Russian management. Organization as a management system, life cycle and types of organizations, strategic management of an organization. Formal and informal groups in an organization. Management functions (planning, organization, motivation, control), their relationship and dynamics. Types of organizational management structures, principles of designing the management structure of organizations. Management methods: economic, organizational and administrative, social and psychological. Management decisions: requirements for decisions, stages of adoption, performance assessment. Principles for designing optimal labor motivation systems. Forms of power and influence. Basic theories of leadership, organic functions of a leader. Self-management. Adapting leadership styles to business situations. Managing conflicts, stress and change. Assessment of management effectiveness.
	Marketing Essence, goals, basic principles and functions of marketing. The evolution of marketing development. Marketing concept. Marketing environment and its structure. Consumer priority. Marketing research. Segmentation. Selecting the target market. Marketing strategies. Marketing mix: product, price, distribution, promotion. Management of marketing activities. Marketing plan system. Marketing assessment and control. Organization of marketing services. Areas of application of marketing. Marketing and society.
	Business Basics Commercial activity. Concept. Subject and method. Objects and subjects. Areas of application. History of development in Russia and abroad. Role in the preparation of a certified commerce specialist. Methodological foundations: goals and objectives, structure and content; factors determining the development of commercial activities, methods of research, organization and modeling. Components of commercial activity: research of commodity markets, selection of goods and formation of an assortment, determination of volumes of purchases and sales of goods, conducting commercial negotiations, concluding sales contracts; commercial settlements, purchase and delivery of goods; formation and planning of inventory, organization and management of the processes of commodity distribution and sale of goods; service maintenance. State regulation and regulation of commercial activities of enterprises by industry and application. Financial and logistical support for commercial activities. Sources of development. Results of commercial activities.
	Exchange business Commodity exchanges and their activities in the market. History of the development of exchange trading and its trends. Exchange as one of the forms of organized market. Types of exchanges. Regulation of exchange activities. Management bodies and organizational structure of the commodity exchange. Exchange transactions, their essence. Hedging. Brokerage firm, its place on the stock exchange. Organization of exchange trading and its participants. Exchange commodity. The economic role of commodity exchanges and analysis of their activities. Material and technical support of commodity exchanges. Stocks and bods market. Securities as exchange commodities. Organization of exchange trading in securities. Foreign exchange market and foreign exchange transactions. Organization of commercial activities by brokerage firms in the securities market.
	Organization and technology of foreign trade operations The nature of foreign trade operations and its types. Organizational forms of international trade (IT) in raw materials, finished products, and results of intellectual activity. Transactions of purchase and sale of goods and services. Stages of preparation and organization of the transaction. Organizational and legal forms of participants in international commercial transactions. Agents-intermediaries in the international market. International transport operations. Basic transport terms of delivery. Transport conditions of purchase and sale contracts. Services related to transport operations. Management of cargo transportation of foreign economic complex. Basic transport documentation in foreign economic relations.
	Standardization, metrology and certification Basics of standardization. Fundamentals of metrology. Basics of certification. Regulatory documents and organization of work on standardization, ensuring uniformity of measurements and certification. State control and supervision of compliance with the requirements of state standards, metrological norms, rules of mandatory and voluntary certification. Responsibility for violation of regulatory requirements. Certification of products and services. Certification of quality systems. International cooperation in the field of standardization, metrology and certification.
	Commodity research and examination of goods Commodity research: basic concepts, goals and objectives. The use value of a product as a subject of merchandising. The relationship between use and exchange value. Fundamental commodity characteristics as important criteria for the competitiveness of goods. Commodity research methods: systematic approach, classification and coding of goods. Classifiers. Assortment of goods: types, properties, indicators, methods of formation and management. Assortment policy. Quality: properties, indicators, their classification, quality assessment. Consumer properties: nomenclature, indicators, methods for their determination. Safety and environmental friendliness. Factors that shape and maintain quality: raw materials, production technologies, packaging, labeling, transportation and storage. Quality control. Product information and its importance in commercial activities. Expertise: concept, goals and objectives. Identification and falsification of goods. Types and methods of examination. Organization and procedure. Documenting. Assortment, quality and expertise of individual product groups.
	Organization, technology and enterprise design Commercial enterprises, their types, types, functions. Trade and technological process. Features of its organization and management. The importance of individual components of the trade and technological process in the organization and design of wholesale, retail trade enterprises and various trade and intermediary structures. Labor organization and management in enterprises. Principles, norms and methods of designing commercial enterprises, organizing their construction and major repairs. Technical equipment. Operating rules and safety standards. Occupational Safety and Health.
	Commercial law The subject and its significance in commercial activities; commercial entities; the most important types of contracts; non-contractual obligations; settlement and credit legal relations; legal protection of property; legal relations of commercial entities with government authorities and management; Legal basis of foreign trade turnover: concept; sources; legal basis for the mechanism for its implementation; legal status of Russian and foreign subjects of foreign trade turnover; legal regulation of export and import of goods; foreign economic transactions; contracts for the international purchase and sale (supply) of goods; legal regulation of customs affairs; procedure for resolving disputes between participants in foreign economic relations.
	Information technologies in commercial activities General information about information technologies, their use in commercial activities; basic principles, methods and properties of information technologies, their effectiveness; automated workstations (AWS), their local networks; spreadsheets, databases and data banks, their use in commercial information systems; integrated information systems in commercial activities, problem-oriented application software packages by industry and field of activity; expert systems and decision support systems, modeling and forecasting in commercial activities. National and international information networks and their interaction. Electronic data interchange. International information exchange system.
	National-regional (university) component
	Disciplines and courses of the student's choice, established by the university (faculty)

	Specialization disciplines
	Federal component
	Organization of commercial activities of enterprises (by industry and application) Organizational and legal forms of functioning of enterprises by industry and area of application. Organization of commercial services and management of commercial activities of enterprises. Information support for commercial activities. Supply planning, sales and organization of commercial activities in industrial enterprises, agriculture and other areas. Sales promotion. Features of the organization and management of commercial activities of wholesale and retail trade enterprises, trade and intermediary structures. Features of the formation of an assortment, organization of purchases, supplies, product distribution and sale (marketing) of goods, service in enterprises in sectors of the national economy and areas of commercial activity. Models for constructing and conducting commercial activities of enterprises. Commercial innovation. Analysis and strategic planning of the commercial activities of an enterprise. Organization of commercial activities in the market infrastructure (real estate, banks, insurance and leasing companies, engineering, know-how, etc.).
	Transport support for commercial activities The current state of the Russian transport system. Transport security and transport management system. Freight transportation. Railway transport. Automobile transport. Sea transport. Inland water transport. Air Transport. Pipeline transport. Specialized and non-traditional modes of transport. Industrial transport. Planning and organization of transportation. Economic indicators for assessing transport performance. Principles and methods of choosing transport. Direct intermodal transport and its effectiveness. Container and package transportation. Freight transportation costs and transport tariffs. Continuous cold chain (CCC). Isothermal wagons and containers. Organization of transportation of perishable goods. Transportation of perishable goods on sea vessels
	Commercial logistics Concept, method and functions of logistics. Forecasting logistics requirements. Strategy and planning in commercial logistics. Purchasing logistics, wholesale logistics. Storage and warehouse processing system. Service in commercial logistics. Inventory Management. Transport services. Information support for logistics. Mediation in logistics. Control and management in commercial logistics. Features of logistics in industry areas.
	Customs Customs business in the Russian Federation. Legal basis of organization and activities. Cooperation of the customs service with countries near and far abroad in the field of customs affairs. Basics of customs regulation of the passage of goods across the border. Issues of registration as participants in foreign economic relations, admission and declaration of goods, movement across the border, the procedure for filling out a customs declaration, customs payments, licensing and quotas for export and import operations. The specifics of customs regulation of certain issues: organization and operation of customs warehouses, the procedure for the import and export of goods for processing, features of the legal regulation of issues of clearance and declaration of certain goods. Issues of customs control within the CIS member states.
	National-regional (university) component
	Electives
	Military training

Total hours of theoretical training - 8154

Practices

- 756 hours - 8910 hours 5. TIMELINES FOR COMPLETING THE BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR GRADUATE TRAINING IN SPECIALTY 351300 COMMERCE (trade business)

5.1. The duration of mastering the basic educational program for graduate training in full-time study is 260 weeks, including:

theoretical training, including student research work, workshops, including laboratory, as well as examinations

sessions, 187 weeks;

Internships - at least 14 weeks,

including:

educational and orientation - 2 weeks,

production - 12 weeks

Final state certification, including preparation and defense of final qualifying work for at least 9 weeks;

Vacations (including 8 weeks of postgraduate leave) no more than 50 weeks.

5.2. For persons with secondary (complete) general education, the time frame for mastering the basic educational program for graduate training in full-time and part-time (evening) and part-time forms of education, as well as in the case of a combination of various forms of education, is increased by the university to one year relative to the standard period established by the 1.2 of this state educational standard.

5.3. The maximum volume of a student's academic workload is set at 54 hours per week, including all types of his classroom and extracurricular (independent) educational work.

5.4. The volume of a student's classroom work during full-time study should not exceed an average of 27 hours per week during the period of theoretical study. At the same time, the specified volume does not include mandatory practical classes in physical education and classes in elective disciplines.

5.5. In case of full-time and part-time (evening) training, the volume of classroom training must be at least 10 hours per week.

5.6. When studying by correspondence, the student must be provided with the opportunity to study with a teacher for at least 160 hours per year.

5.7. The total amount of vacation time in the academic year should be 7-10 weeks, including at least two weeks in the winter.

6. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONDITIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR GRADUATE TRAINING IN SPECIALTY 351300 COMMERCE (trading business)

6.1. Requirements for the development of a basic educational program for training a commerce specialist

6.1.1. A higher educational institution independently develops and approves the main educational program of the university for preparing a graduate on the basis of this state educational standard.

Disciplines of the student's choice are mandatory, and elective disciplines provided for by the curriculum of a higher educational institution are not mandatory for the student to study.

Coursework (projects) are considered as a type of academic work in the discipline and are completed within the hours allocated for its study.

For all disciplines and practices included in the curriculum of a higher educational institution, a final grade must be given (excellent, good, satisfactory, unsatisfactory, or passed, not passed).

Specializations are part of the specialty within which they are created, and involve obtaining more in-depth professional knowledge, skills and abilities in various fields of activity within the profile of this specialty.

In basic educational programs that have the words “by industry” or “by type” in their names, the specifics of training for a particular industry or type are taken into account primarily through specialization disciplines.

6.1.2. When implementing the main educational program, a higher education institution has the right

change the amount of hours allocated for mastering educational material for cycles of disciplines - within 5%;

form a cycle of humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines, which should include, from the eleven basic disciplines given in this state educational standard, the following 4 disciplines as mandatory: “Foreign language” (in the amount of at least 340 hours), “Physical education” (in volume of at least 408 hours), “National History”, “Philosophy”. The remaining basic disciplines can be implemented at the discretion of the university. At the same time, it is possible to combine them into interdisciplinary courses while maintaining the required minimum content. If disciplines are part of general professional or special training (for humanitarian and socio-economic areas of training (specialties)), the hours allocated for their study can be redistributed within the cycle.

Classes in the discipline “Physical Education” in part-time (evening), part-time and external forms of study can be provided taking into account the wishes of students;

To teach general humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines in the form of original lecture courses and various types of collective and individual practical classes, assignments and seminars according to programs developed at the university itself and taking into account regional, national-ethnic, professional specifics, as well as research preferences teachers who provide qualified coverage of the subjects of the cycle disciplines;

establish the required depth of teaching of individual sections of disciplines included in the cycles of humanitarian and socio-economic, mathematical and natural science disciplines, in accordance with the profile of the cycle of specialization disciplines;
When forming the main educational program, the university (faculty) is obliged to highlight:
for each natural science discipline (for full-time study) at least 50% of the labor intensity for classroom lessons with students, of which

laboratory work (workshop) at least 30% of the hours; as part of the national-regional (university) component, allocate half the number of hours to disciplines of the student’s choice;

establish the names of specializations in the specialties of higher professional education, the names of specialization disciplines, their volume and content, in excess of that established by this state educational standard, as well as the form of control over their mastery by students;
implement the basic educational program for training a commerce specialist in a shortened time frame for students of a higher educational institution who have a secondary vocational education in the relevant profile or a higher vocational education. The reduction in terms is carried out on the basis of the existing knowledge, skills and abilities of students acquired at the previous stage of professional education. In this case, the duration of training must be at least three years. Studying in a shorter period of time is also allowed for persons whose level of education or abilities are a sufficient basis for this.

6.2. Requirements for staffing the educational process

The implementation of the main educational program for training a commerce specialist should be ensured by teaching staff who, as a rule, have a basic education corresponding to the specialist’s training profile and are systematically engaged in scientific and/or scientific-methodological activities; Teachers of special disciplines, as a rule, must have an academic degree and/or sufficient experience in the relevant professional field.

6.3. Requirements for educational and methodological support of the educational process

The implementation of the main educational program for training a commerce specialist should be ensured by each student’s access to library funds and databases, the content corresponding to the full list of disciplines of the main educational program, the availability of teaching aids and recommendations for all disciplines and for all types of workshops, coursework and diploma design, practices, as well as visual aids, audio, video and multimedia materials.

Laboratory workshops should be provided in the following disciplines: Standardization, metrology and certification, Commodity research and examination of goods.

The information base should ensure the training of a highly qualified specialist and include: professional magazines (Kommersant, Demand, Foreign Trade, etc.), modern educational computer programs in this specialty and the necessary educational and methodological literature according to the lists recommended by the UMO.

The library collection must contain textbooks, teaching aids, and methodological instructions for all disciplines of the curriculum in an amount of at least 0.5 copies per student.

6.4. Requirements for material and technical support of the educational process

A higher educational institution implementing the main educational program for training a commerce specialist must have a material and technical base that meets current sanitary and technical standards and ensures all types of laboratory, practical, disciplinary and interdisciplinary training and research work for students provided for by the model curriculum.

6.5. Requirements for organizing practices

There are two types of internship: educational and introductory and industrial. The content, goals and objectives of each type of practice are determined in the relevant programs, which are developed by the graduating departments, coordinated with related departments and approved by the Faculty Councils.

Educational and introductory practice is carried out at leading enterprises in the industry.

Industrial practice should be carried out at enterprises that correspond to the profile of specialist training, have qualified personnel to manage the practice, and the appropriate material, technical and information base.

7. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LEVEL OF PREPARATION OF A GRADUATE IN SPECIALTY 351300 COMMERCE (trade business)
7.1. Requirements for the professional preparedness of a specialist

A graduate of the specialty Commerce (trade business) must be able to solve problems that correspond to his qualifications specified in paragraph 1. 2 of this state educational standard.

A commercial specialist should know:

fundamentals of humanitarian, socio-economic, mathematical and natural science disciplines for solving professional, social, scientific and pedagogical problems;
information and methodological support for commercial activities;
methods of research, analysis and forecasting of commodity markets and product range;
features of business technology modeling;
technology for forming a product range and methods for its optimization;
the process of purchasing goods: sources of supply of goods, systems for selecting suppliers, the procedure for concluding and executing sales contracts;
procedure for placing orders and settlements with suppliers;
methods for determining the volume of purchases and supplies of goods and methods of their delivery;
regulatory documents regulating the rules of transportation, acceptance, warehousing, storage, sale of goods and provision of services;
components of the commodity distribution system, their essence, conditions, features of organization, functioning and ways to minimize distribution costs;
types of inventory, ways of their formation, accounting and control, methods of planning, optimization and management;
forms and methods of selling goods, determining and forecasting its volume;
trade and technological processes in commercial activities, features of their organization and management;
organizational structure of the enterprise, the procedure for interaction of the commercial service with other departments;
methods for determining and ways to ensure the effectiveness of an enterprise’s commercial activities;
types of commercial projects and innovations, the procedure for their development and use for the development of commercial activities;

should be able to:

create an information base for organizing commercial activities;
create a product range;
organize work with suppliers and buyers;
organize and manage the processes of purchase and sale and exchange of goods;
manage inventory;
apply sales promotion methods (sales);
analyze commercial activities and determine their effectiveness;
model and design commercial activities.

7.2. Requirements for the final state certification of a specialist

7. 2. 1. The final state certification of a graduate includes a final qualifying work and a state exam, which reveals theoretical preparation for solving professional problems.

7. 2. 2. Requirements for a specialist’s final qualifying work

The final qualification work of a commerce specialist is carried out with the aim of establishing the graduate’s skills and abilities and represents a complete development in which one or another specific practical problem of commercial activity is solved in accordance with clause 1.3.

7. 2. 3. Requirements for the state exam

The final interdisciplinary exam is conducted in a set of disciplines that provide the basis for professional training, in order to determine whether the graduate’s knowledge meets the requirements of the State Standards in specialty 351300 Commerce (trade business).

COMPILERS:

Educational and methodological association for education in the field of commerce

The state educational standard for higher professional education was approved at a meeting of the Council of the Educational and Methodological Association for Education in the Field of Commerce on December 2, 1999.

Chairman of the UMO Council ____________ N.P. Vashchekin

Deputy Chairman of the UMO Council ___________ S.M. Samarina

AGREED:

Department of Educational Programs and Higher Standards

and secondary vocational education ___________ G.K. Shestakov

Head of Department ____________ T.E. Petrova

liberal arts education

Employee,

supervising this specialty __________ M.G. Platonov

Commerce is business activity. This term implies being engaged in trade work. The specialty “Commerce by Industry” is now in great demand, since employees are needed in many areas. The profession has several directions in which you can work in various fields.

Training is carried out in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Secondary and Higher Professional Education. These documents establish training rules and the required level of knowledge and skills for successful performance of work. The Federal State Educational Standard allows you to gain the necessary experience so that activities in any company progress successfully.

Story

Humanity has been engaged in market relations since ancient times, since the modern economy is built on them. Commerce appeared in primitive society. With the improvement of speech and other skills, people began to divide into gatherers and hunters.

During the period of human development, merchants and traders began to appear. They created goods themselves or purchased them from artisans. After the markup, the products were sold at a higher price, thereby generating income. This population was considered the most prosperous.

On the territory of Russia, commerce arose in the 16th-17th centuries. At that time, merchants appeared who bought goods at a low price and sold them at a higher price. There were intermediaries between the manufacturer and the user. Then merchant guilds arose, which existed until 1917. Since then, the trade business has been actively developing, new directions are emerging. And this leads to the emergence of many in-demand professions.

Description

Commerce by industry is considered an in-demand job today. Its implementation requires work and knowledge. There are 2 types of commerce:

simple;
Internet commerce.

The latter type is considered an innovation. This area has been actively developing for several years. It provides an opportunity to earn money without large investments.

Standard Commerce

The sphere consists of several processes. It is necessary to use an organizational plan, since the progress of the entire business depends on it. This work requires obtaining certificates and trade work permits. It is important to find suitable premises and manufacturing suppliers. Commerce by industry will allow you to make a profit if everything is organized correctly.

Correctly selected elements for the job will allow you to compete on price with other merchants. It is important to think about the organization of the trading process. A sales manager may be involved for this purpose. Commercial organizations not only sell goods, but also provide services.

Internet commerce

This area is new. With a small investment you can get big profits. The work involves organizing the activities of online stores and offices to attract customers. Nowadays, many goods are sold and services are provided via the Internet. With this activity you will be able to save on many elements.

Internet commerce includes information business. The sphere involves the sale of information products. These include video courses that contain useful information. The topics of training materials may vary.

Types of specialties

Many institutions teach the specialty “Commerce (by industry).” What kind of profession is this? Usually graduates get jobs as managers. To learn trade, you need to get an education in this field. He is taught in several professions:

economy;
merchandising;
management.

In all specializations, students receive the necessary knowledge and skills to successfully organize a business and work in the trade sector. Graduates are awarded a diploma in the specialty "Commerce". Training can be completed in bachelor's and specialty degrees.

Where does the training take place?

There are many institutions on the territory where they teach specialty 100701 “Commerce (by industry).” The following institutions are considered one of the best:

Russian State Trade and Economic University.
Academy of National Economy under the Government of the Russian Federation.
Moscow State Institute of International Relations.

To enter the trade business, you need to pass exams in social studies, Russian, foreign languages, and mathematics. Chief among these subjects is social studies. Training is carried out in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards for Secondary and Higher Professional Education.

What is done at work?

If you received a specialty in “Commerce (by industry),” what kind of profession is it? This depends on whether an individual entrepreneur or hired employment will be organized. This is usually the job of managers. In this activity, you must be able to manage and organize trading processes.

Commerce requires constant development. Employees search for suppliers and create business plans necessary to improve the company's activities. They organize the trading process. The sales manager selects personnel, trains employees, and organizes work activities. Marketing activities are required.

Trade workers report to their superiors and the tax service. This activity involves drawing up documentation on profits, expenses, and measures to increase income. First, information is collected, then analyzed and submitted.

Who can choose a profession?

The Commerce by Industry track is ideal for leaders. The employee needs not only to provide instructions, but also to organize events correctly. A job applicant must be stress-resistant. When organizing work, a manager needs to be able to force subordinates to respect themselves.

Working memory is a mandatory skill. This is necessary to solve several issues simultaneously. The work requires a mathematical and analytical mind, as it is necessary to perform calculations. With such qualities, success in work awaits.

Demand

The field of Commerce by Industry is developed. Professional employees are needed in many prestigious companies. After training, every graduate can find a job. And you don’t have to get hired, since you can organize your own business.

Income in each area can be different, it all depends on the position. Beginners receive from 35,000 rubles per month. Over time, income can increase.

Starting a business

If a decision has been made to open your own business, then its promotion depends on the invested funds. The time to create your own business is determined by the investments that will be made initially. It takes approximately 3 days. Preparation is carried out from a week to a month, when a website is created or a retail space is set up.

When interviewing for a management position, everything depends on the applicant, as well as on the requirements put forward by the employer. Typically, the stress interview technique is used to establish stress resistance and adapt to different situations. It is important to have experience and completed projects.

An employee needs to be sociable, which is required for negotiations with partners and clients. If you meet all the requirements, you can get the job you want.

Prospects

After training, you can get a low-paid position. Graduates are usually hired as managers and managers with career opportunities. If you show excellent results in your work, you can become a director or president of the company. This profession allows you to get a prestigious position. You just need to work hard and develop.

Commerce is considered a promising area. Everything in business and trade is constantly evolving, resulting in job opportunities for young professionals. With a profession, you will be able to apply the necessary knowledge for career growth. For true professionals, there is always the possibility of promotion at work.

Sooner or later, every person faces the problem of choosing a profession. In fact, this is an entire branch of psychology that studies various nuances of career guidance. But life dictates its own requirements to us, on which we rely when choosing a specialty. Most often, when choosing a specialty, future salary, availability of vacancies and social guarantees are taken into account, that is, the demand for a particular profession in the labor market.

Economic specialty "Trading"

Nowadays, economic processes are on the lips of every person - either the exchange rate of the state currency is falling (rising), then new supermarkets are closing or opening, then the population is monitoring the export or import of a specific product, its price or availability in specific shopping centers, and so on. . All these processes are considered by several economic sciences. Upon receiving the specialty "Trading", the student also masters other specific knowledge, for example, how to keep sales statistics, store accounting, and learns how to properly advertise a product.

Relevance of admission to specialty

Many people dream of rapid career growth, autonomy at work, as well as quick earnings - selling goods and receiving money for them. Therefore, studying commerce is important for young applicants. This specialty provides the opportunity to study many interesting subjects - not only economics, but also humanitarian ones. Students actively delve into the psychology of concluding commercial contracts, the specific needs of the buyer, and so on. Working in this specialty, a person has the opportunity to interact with many people, that is, make useful contacts, reach a new level of relationships, and change his social status.

By the way, this specialty can be divided into two types of professional interaction:

“Human-to-human” (constant communication with people: employees, customers, business partners).
“Man-sign system” (analysis of trading processes, study of financial documents).

What does trading activity involve?

Recently, in the field of higher and secondary specialized education, there has been an increased interest of future students in specialties related to sales. And this is understandable: today a person who has received the specialty “Trading” has extensive knowledge about processes in the economy, new technologies and optimization of resources.

Such knowledge provides the opportunity to succeed and ensure prosperity of the company with high profits. The main task of the specialist is to achieve the success of the company in the harsh competitive conditions of the market. These skills are implemented in large wholesale and retail companies, logistics centers, trade enterprises and insurance business. And, of course, you should not lose sight of the opportunity to organize your own business.

Necessary skills of a specialist trained in the specialty

By receiving the specialty "Trading", a student studies an exceptional special complex of educational subjects that provide knowledge in sales management, logistics, marketing, and business management. The acquired knowledge is in great demand today. It is known that among graduates of trade-related specialties, there are many private entrepreneurs. Trade today is an area characterized by high competition, investment and business activity.

An amateur cannot conduct trading activities successfully. It requires professional management skills. Its specificity is determined by the form of trade: wholesale, retail, trade on the Internet... This activity involves not only purchase and sale transactions, but also legal support for signed contracts, economic and financial sales transactions, pricing and product policies, leasing operations and other.

A high-quality education in this field will enable the student to become an excellent sales specialist.

What kind of career growth can there be in this profession?

The education received in this specialty and knowledge of economic processes are considered multifunctional and meet the requirements of the modern trading market. Therefore, graduates who have received the specialty “Trading Business” have broad prospects and the opportunity to realize themselves.

Such specialists do not feel any particular difficulties in finding employment.

It is remarkable that there are many vacancies in this specialty on the labor market. At first the earnings are small, but as you gain experience it will certainly grow. Trading is an area where you can quickly achieve high results with a certain perseverance and determination.

The functions of a sales specialist depend on the number of people on staff and the scale of the company’s activities. This could be logistics, department control, hiring managers, employees for trade departments.

Sometimes a career starts with a simple job as a cashier, but very little time passes and the hard worker gets a promotion. He can easily climb the career ladder to become a network manager.

How can a graduate of the specialty "Commercial Business" work?

Among the most popular professions that the specialty “Commercial Business” gives you the opportunity to master, you can choose who to work in, even if you do not continue your studies:

Intermediary (broker).
Trade representative
Sales manager, regulating supplies and working with customers.
Commodity expert.
Merchandiser and supervisor.

A sales manager will always find something to do in a small store. After gaining experience, you can go to work for a company that has a network of retail establishments. A merchandising specialist and document flow specialist in trade will easily move to the logistics department or warehouse and can hire salespeople, warehouse employees, and managers. Depending on the authority, the trade organizer can develop a plan for market analysis, control of store departments, networks, and logistics of the company.

Young certified specialists can apply for the position of manager on the sales floor, engage in purchasing, sales, and take the position of senior salesperson. For those seeking career growth, it is possible to take the position of manager of a retail establishment, director of logistics and sales, senior marketer and others.

Moscow universities that produce such specialists

In the capital, it is possible to obtain higher education in this specialty at several educational institutions. These are the following Moscow universities, which are rightfully considered prestigious higher educational institutions:

MSUTIU im. Razumovsky (Moscow State University of Technology and Management).
State Institute of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation.
REU named after Plekhanov (Russian Economic University).
NUST (National Research Technological University) MISiS.
RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation (Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration).
RGSU (Russian State Social University).

In addition to the above, universities and others with the highest level of accreditation teach “Trading”. They are less known, but can still provide a student with a decent education. You can study both on a contract basis and in government-funded places.

What subjects do students study?

Of course, the most important subjects that the Faculty of Commerce offers for study for a future profession are “Economics”, “Marketing”, “Pricing”, “Commodity Science”. In addition to highly specialized subjects, subjects are studied that increase the professional level of the future specialist. These are “Advertising”, “Management”, “Trade Law”, “Computer Technologies”, “Psychology” and others. “Commerce”, “Trading”, “Functioning of Organizations”, “Accounting”, “Innovations in Trade” are required to be studied.

Forms of training

You can receive education either full-time or part-time. In addition to traditional forms of education, there are evening and mixed education systems. The future sales specialist will receive a bachelor's degree in four years for a full-time program, and in five years for a part-time program. For a higher level of education, there is a master's program in "Commercial Business", where you need to work a little more. You can study for three years if you first graduate from a specialized college or already have one higher education.

Business blog