Home breeding of pigs, contrary to the well-established ideas about its complexity, is profitable and interesting business, which, like any other in the agricultural industry, requires the investment of labor and funds. The key to success and quick payback of the meat products produced will be a well-written business plan, a properly organized pig farm and the right investment.

Meat of own production is a high-quality, healthy and natural product, which causes its demand in the consumer market and increased interest.

Pig breeding: benefits

The pig compared to other domestic animals, in more endowed with such qualities as:

• High productivity, high rate of meat growth and its significant volumes. The weight of a newborn piglet is approximately one kilogram, after a week - 2-3 kg, after a month - 20-30 kg. A one-year-old pig weighs 150 kg, and it crosses the mark of 100 kg at the age of seven months.
• Omnivorous. Pigs eat almost all plant and animal feed, including food waste.
• Good breeding rate and high fecundity. Under good conditions, one sow is able to please the farmer with offspring twice a year, that is, for one farrowing 12-14 piglets, each of which will give more than 100 kg of good meat per year.
• High digestibility of food - up to a third of the substances contained in the feed. For example, Domestic bird able to absorb only a fifth of it. That is, a pig will need less feed to gain weight than any other animal.
• Popularity. Pork, like chicken, enjoys special love and popularity among consumers.

Home for a pig farm

How to raise pigs, if the conditions are home? Breeding pigs in the first place requires the availability of suitable premises. It should be a dry, warm and well-ventilated barn (or shed), reliably protected from penetrating winds, especially in winter. In order to comply with sanitary and hygienic conditions and prevent various infections, the barn needs to be whitewashed from the inside.

Laying a foundation 50-70 cm high above the ground before building a room will ensure its dryness. Particular attention should be paid to the location of groundwater, the depth of which should be deeper than 1.5 meters from the ground level. Otherwise, the room will be humid, which will adversely affect the health of the pigs.

The walls should be thick enough to keep the room warm and protect the animals from freezing. It is desirable to insulate ceilings from above; as an inexpensive insulation, you can use a 20 cm layer of sawdust and a 5 cm layer of sand above it.

For the roof, which must be waterproof, warm and strong, slate or corrugated board is most often used. The floor is often made of concrete (without depressions and cracks to avoid accumulation and decay of animal waste products). It is easy to clean and non-slip, which prevents possible injuries to the pigs. Drainage ditches must be equipped to remove excrement.

Comfort for pigs: the key to success

The barn should be equipped with pens, which, in turn, need to be divided into a zone where the pigs will be fed (with a food trough located in it) and a den - a place for animals to spend the rest of the time. The pig is a rather large animal, and it is prone to destroying partitions and undermining the floor, so special attention should be paid to the strength of these parts of the room. Ideally, if the fences of the machines are metal. Be sure to have a drinker located on a small hill. Otherwise, pigs will contaminate drinking water.

Also, pigs need a shallow pit filled with water for bathing, and a space equipped with a canopy for walking in the warm season. Moreover, such an area should be quite extensive (at least 10 sq. M), especially if it is planned to release a sow with offspring or a large number of individuals for a walk.

The pigsty should be provided with electric lighting used during the period of farrowing and feeding of young offspring by the sow. For small piglets, heating devices will be required.

Breeding pigs: choosing a breed

Consider another important issue in domestic pig production. This is the choice of breed of pigs. There are three types of them: greasy, meat (bacon) and meat-fat (universal).

Greasy breeds of pigs are aimed at obtaining high-quality fat. Naturally, there is meat on the carcass, but at a certain point, starting from the age of six months, the growth of muscle tissue slows down, causing an intensive accumulation of fats. One carcass of a pig of this type contains 40-45% fat, meat, respectively, 50-53%. Outwardly, greasy-type pigs are characterized by a wide and rough body; its front part is an order of magnitude heavier than the back. The most popular breeds of greasy direction are Ukrainian steppe, Berkshire, Hungarian "Mangalitsa", Large black.

Meat (bacon) breeds of pigs are characterized by an increased intensity of development of muscle tissue in comparison with fat. In breeds of this type, there is a rapid growth of offspring, which, with proper intensive fattening, reaches a weight of 100 kilograms by the age of 7-8 months. The amount of meat obtained from such pigs is 58-68%, less often - 80%, fat - 21-32%. The shape of the body in beef pigs is somewhat elongated, characterized by a shallow chest and a strongly developed rear, larger than the front. The most prominent representatives of the meat type are the English large white breed of pigs, Estonian bacon, Vietnamese bellied, Tamworth, Duroc, Pietrain, Landrace.

The meat breed is considered universal, because it produces delicious meat and tender fat. Even with standard feeding (food waste), pigs of this type quickly gain weight, the meat index in which varies from 53 to 65%, fat - 29-37%.

Feeding

Feeding animals can be done in two ways: wet and dry.

Wet feeding is traditional and involves the preparation of mash - feed diluted with water. Pigs are given food scraps and boiled root vegetables. This method is low-cost, since it does not require the purchase of additional feed, however, the weight gain of the animal will not be particularly intense. Therefore, in order to quickly obtain meat, emphasis should be placed on dry feeding, with which there is less trouble, and the result will become more noticeable. Dry food for pigs needs to be combined with a lot of water. You should also take into account the characteristics of each feed; so, it is better for pigs to give a lot of grain in a ground form, which will become the basis of nutrition. As an addition, you can use boiled potatoes. Raw root vegetables can be given in small amounts as vitamin supplements.

Feeding is best done in small portions, because with significant one-time volumes, part of the food will remain in the trough in an unclaimed form for further use.

Fish and bone meal, leguminous crops, fodder yeast, cake and skimmed milk are sources of protein that will be excellent additions to the main feed, especially for meat breeds pigs.

Often, for breeding pigs, young animals are purchased on the market (which is quite expensive), but you can also keep your own sow. Puberty in a female usually occurs no earlier than 8 months, farrowing occurs after 110-115 days from the moment of fertilization. For mating, it is required to use a pig that has reached a mass of 100 kg. It should be well fed, significantly enriching the diet with vitamins. For the implementation of mating, it is required to determine the period of the beginning of the hunt in a pig, the signs of the onset of which are the restless behavior of the animal, lack of appetite, the appearance of redness on the genitals, discharge and estrus. The pig should be brought together with a boar within 12 hours. The period of ovulation in an animal lasts for one and a half days, so it is important to determine it in a timely manner. Within 17 days from the moment of mating, the behavior of the animal should be observed: if fertilization has not occurred, the pig will behave calmly, if there are signs of hunting, then the procedure must be repeated.

In the first 3 months from the moment of fertilization, the pig is given normal food, later it should be made more concentrated, preferring coarse and juicy feed. The animal should not be overfed in order to avoid complications during childbirth. A couple of days before farrowing, the pig begins to behave restlessly; her sides are strongly lowered, the mammary glands swell, and the genitals are swollen.

During the birth of an animal, the presence of a person is desirable, especially if the sow is young. Perhaps the birth may be delayed, and the animal will need help. Piglets that appear one at a time with each attempt should immediately be wiped with hay, and the mouth should be freed from mucus. The piglet may appear in the amniotic sac, which must be immediately torn open and the baby released.

piglet care

Piglets are born weak, therefore, in order to avoid the loss of young animals, the most comfortable conditions should be created; the temperature of the pigsty should be at least 18 degrees Celsius, the room should be well ventilated and dried, without traces of dampness, the presence of electric lighting is mandatory. During the first three weeks of life, little piglets feed on mother's milk, which can increase their immunity and gain the necessary weight; further, the young should be accustomed to other foods aimed at intensive stimulation of growth. Weaning piglets from the sow is recommended no earlier than 4 weeks from the moment of farrowing. In the absence of a sow, young animals are fattened from the nipple with cow or goat milk. At a young age, it is also important to give them vitamin injections with iron content.

Caring for pigs is not particularly difficult. It is important to provide them with appropriate living conditions, timely feeding of pigs and quality care for young animals. The air temperature in the barn should vary from 12 to 16 degrees, for young animals - 18-20 degrees. The optimum indoor humidity is 70%. It is important to observe the sanitary and hygienic standards for keeping pigs, regularly clean the floor in the pigsty, and clean the feeders from food debris.

Home pig farming business plan

Drawing up a business plan when planning to create your own pig farm requires the inclusion of such costs as the construction of a pigsty and the purchase of equipment necessary for operation, staff salaries, the purchase of feed, and veterinary services. A number of different factors can affect the cost side. For example, you can build a pigsty yourself from scratch, or you can buy an old pig farm and make repairs in it. The use of modern equipment will significantly reduce the cost of wages which will make breeding pigs more profitable. Although most businessmen prefer to use manual labor, saving on maintenance automation.

Pig farming - always profitable

The profitability of pig breeding as a business is estimated at 30%, but if you wish, you can achieve higher rates. This requires:

• Stop your choice on the breed of pigs that is most suitable for the purpose of keeping and its conditions. Particular attention should be paid to the selection of young animals, which are recommended to be purchased from different suppliers in order to avoid genetic mutations. The acquisition of sows requires taking into account their milk production, productivity, teat condition and brood safety.
• Periodic disinfection and prevention of dampness and drafts in the pigsty.
• Creating optimal conditions for pregnant sows.
• The experience and professionalism of the farm workers.
• Providing animals with nutritious, high-quality, vitamin feed, taking into account all the features of animal feeding.
• Vaccination and regular inspection of animals to prevent the occurrence of diseases, timely treatment of pigs when they appear.

Pig farming as a business, taking into account the above recommendations, can turn out to be a very profitable occupation, because high-quality pork is always in high demand.

Breeding pigs is the most profitable business in the field of animal husbandry, so keeping even one pig in your backyard is always profitable!

443 03/26/2019 5 min.

Breeding your own farm has recently become fashionable again. This is due to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and eco-products, which are often obtained through farming. The same applies to pork, the quality of which largely depends on the methods of feeding and keeping these animals. Picking up and implementing them yourself is quite simple. In this case, you will have to start from the characteristics of the breed of pigs and the type to which it belongs, as well as from the purposes of breeding. This article will tell you how to select and what should be the ideal conditions for pig production.

Features of growing for meat

There are three main methods of raising pigs: for meat, for bacon and for tallow. Each method should be appropriate for the breed to be selected for breeding based on one's own goals and preferences. Most often, meat breeds are chosen, such as, and, which are bred for meat fattening. This is due to the minimization of costs in the implementation of keeping and feeding methods, as well as to the peculiarities of meat quality. Most breeders prefer meat products with a relatively low percentage of fat content. He will tell about greasy breeds of pigs.

What to feed

The most important process in obtaining pork is the fattening of animals. As a rule, it begins at the age of three months of the young and lasts about five to six months. At the end of the fattening period, the piglet gains weight up to one hundred kilograms and more. In this case, the yield of the edible part of the carcass will be from seventy to eighty-five percent. Find out how to feed piglets for rapid growth.

In order to start fattening, it is necessary to bring the body weight and health of the piglet to a suitable condition. Thus, young beef breeds should, from birth up to the age of two or three weeks, eat only mother's milk. Gradually, it is necessary to introduce green fodder, cereals, mashes with the addition of feed mixtures, milk and clay into his diet. As a rule, by the age of one month there is practically no milk left in the udder of the sow, and by two months the young animals are transferred to a full-fledged “adult diet”. For selected healthy piglets weighing at least thirty kilograms.

The fattening itself is carried out in two stages: preparatory and final. The first stage is the longest. Its duration is usually about five months. At this time, active growth of piglets is observed, so their diet must be based on the most nutritious and enriched with vitamins and minerals products. For this you can use:

• feed mixtures for piglets and pigs;
• root crops (preferably boiled);
• milk and skim milk, whey;
• gourds;
• greens or hay (should take up about a third of the diet);
• bone and fish meal.

The diet must contain table salt (about ten grams per head), as well as chalk (about twenty grams). The feed should contain enough vitamins A, D, C and E, as well as protein. One hundred and twenty grams of protein should be per unit of production.

The final stage of fattening lasts only a month. During it, the daily gain increases from five hundred to seven hundred grams due to the increase in nutritional value. The amount of protein at this time will need to be reduced to one hundred grams per unit.

Not all breeders use fattening technologies. Some prefer to keep pigs for a long time, feeding them up to three centners. In this case, the feeding rules remain almost the same. However, the amount of protein should be reduced to ninety grams, otherwise health problems may arise. Nutrition should be especially high quality in the first months of life during the period of active growth. Read about pig breeding at home.

Not later than a week before slaughter, millet, soy and fish products must be removed from the diet, otherwise the meat will acquire an unpleasant odor.

• keep the temperature at least ten degrees Celsius at any time of the year;
• do not miss drafts and dampness;
• be clean;
• be spacious enough (each pig has an average of four square meters of space).

The floor is recommended to be made of concrete. Such a coating does not allow moisture to pass through, facilitates cleaning, becomes a barrier for rodents and insects, and prevents digging by pigs. On top of the concrete floor, you will also need to install a wooden platform on which the litter will be laid.

In winter, it is best to keep piglets and adult pigs indoors. In this case, walks in the fresh air can only be short-term and only at a temperature not lower than zero Celsius. In summer, it is recommended to equip a walking area. To do this, you will need to make a mesh extension with a canopy to protect from the sun and precipitation, as well as a swimming pool. In such a pen, it is also necessary to install troughs for feeding. Read about keeping Vietnamese pigs at home.

Bedding can be made from sawdust or hay. But it is best to purchase special raw materials with beneficial bacteria.

piglet care

Caring for young animals is quite simple. To do this, you must use the following rules:

• feeding should be done at least twice a day at regular intervals;
• in order to maintain cleanliness in pens and pigsties, it is necessary to carry out daily cleaning of manure, followed by replacement of bedding;
• to avoid conflict situations, it is useful to equip each individual with its own machine;
• it is important to carry out regular cleaning and preventive measures.

Disease prevention

One of the most important measures to prevent common swine diseases is vaccination. The first salmonella vaccination should be given three weeks after birth. You will also need to vaccinate against plague and erysipelas. Preventive measures against anemia, rickets and helminthiasis are also necessary.

To reduce the likelihood of worms and infections, sanitization is recommended once or twice a week. To do this, while cleaning the walls, floor and feeding troughs are sprayed with caustic soda and rinsed. It is also useful to cover the premises with slaked lime from the inside.

Another method of preventing infections is to solder young animals and adults with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. This measure can be especially effective and useful in the first months of life of pigs.

Video

The video talks about the key points of raising pigs for meat at home.

conclusions

1. Obtaining high quality pork is possible only with the right, maintenance and care of young animals. In this case, a large yield of meat products is possible already by the age of the pig at six to seven months.
2. Preventive measures against swine diseases include mandatory vaccination and compliance with cleanliness and hygiene standards.
3. You can keep and raise pigs to a large weight, but you can also use the technology of fast fattening.
4. Pigs should be kept warm, dry and clean.
5. For summer maintenance, it is recommended to equip walking areas.

Breeding pigs at home for beginner pig breeders is a profitable and, at the same time, risky business. The benefit is associated, firstly, with a large amount of meat obtained and an accelerated growth in its build-up. Secondly, with a good sale of tallow and meat products.

Buying meat at the present time is not difficult, but it is expensive, and there is a possibility of buying low-quality products. Pig breeding at home conditions worries most start-up entrepreneurs, since pigs are characterized by enormous fecundity. So, a good sow at each farrowing can give 10-14 piglets, and in a year - 25-30.

Today, raising pigs has become a popular pastime. However, for beginner farmer is important to know basics of keeping these animals. To raise pigs at home, Canadian or Danish technology is usually used.

The first technology in pig breeding involves covering the floor with a voluminous layer of bedding that does not change, which allows you to keep warm in the barn. Sand, sawdust, straw are usually used as bedding. This rather economical option is well applicable to large and small farms. When growing a large number of livestock, the second technology is convenient, which is very economical in terms of costs, since a large manure bath is installed in the barn, into which all decay products drain. Sometimes a plastic floor is used instead of a bath.

What should be a good pigsty?

Breeding piglets at home is advisable start with building spacious, bright, insulated, ventilated shed with separate outbuildings. In summer, a pigsty made of boards is suitable, in winter - a warm room. When building a barn, livestock is taken into account, including the future. Inside the room is divided into small areas, pigs are placed in groups, while boars and sows are kept separately from everyone. Young piglets can be kept 25–30 individuals in one compartment, and boars 8–10 heads.

What to build a solid pigsty? For a barn, walls made of brick, cinder block, foam block are optimal. These materials are good because they retain heat for a long time and do not conduct moisture. Recently, the foam block has proven itself, which is distinguished by heat resistance, durability and strength. Inside, plaster and whitewash are required. In order to insulate the pigsty and preserve the walls, boards are nailed at a height of up to one meter. As a ceiling, boards or slabs of reinforced concrete are usually used. It is important to insulate the ceiling with sawdust, earth or sand. A huge variety of building materials allows you to decide on the roof of the pigsty, more often the roof is erected from roofing felt, slate, corrugated board.

Damp and dirty barn, constant draft are the main enemies for successful pig breeding. The barn should be protected from rats, mice. Equipment is also necessary for breeding piglets: drinking bowls, heating lamps, shovels, pitchforks, rakes. It is advisable to build a pigsty away from a residential building, since a specific smell (even if all hygiene conditions are observed) will be present.

Breeding pets has always been a very profitable business, especially if it is carried out by professionals. One of the most profitable business in the agricultural business is the breeding of pigs, since a pair of piglets can get $ 50-200. Breeding pigs at home is a rather complicated, but also profitable business. You will learn how to breed pigs at home below.

Farmers mainly breed domestic breeds of pigs, but foreign ones are also very popular. Recall that pig breeds are divided into the following categories: lard-meat (when slaughtered, about 60 percent of lard and 20 percent of meat come out of the carcass; meat-greasy (70 percent of meat and 10-15 percent of lard); bacon (in the carcass there is approximately an equal amount of meat and lard).The choice of breed for breeding is entirely up to you, however, when choosing, you should take into account all the criteria and whims of representatives of various breeds.

The most popular among the tallow-meat breeds are the North Caucasian, Mirgorod and Belarusian black-and-white. Pigs of the above breeds in most cases have a black-and-white color. The weight of such pigs can reach the mark of 270-300 kilograms. It is worth noting that in a short period of time they gain a mass of more than 100 kilograms (150-170 days).

The Landrace and Estonian bacon pig breeds are the most popular representatives of the bacon pig category. Pigs have a white color, long ears, an elongated body and well-fed hams and sirloins. The yield of fat from these breeds is low, and meat is high.

The list of the most popular meat-greasy breeds includes: Lithuanian, Northern Siberian and Ukrainian steppe white. The color of these animals, respectively, is white, the sizes are large. Representatives of the above breeds have poorly developed adipose tissue, which allows muscle tissue to gain a greater percentage of weight in the carcass. Breeding pigs of these breeds is especially common in the household, because they are suitable for meat and bacon fattening. A sow can produce 10 to 15 piglets per farrow. In six months of life, piglets gain a mass of 100 kilograms, and the weight of an adult boar is more than 350 kilograms.

In recent years, the breeding of bellied pigs of the Korean and Vietnamese breeds has gained great popularity. It is very profitable to breed them. The cost of piglets of this breed can range from 80-120 dollars per pair, however, a sow can bring from 14 to 20 piglets per farrowing, which fully covers all the costs of food and the purchase of piglets for breeding. Pigs of these breeds belong to the bacon category, they are small and compact, and their exactingness in nutrition and housing conditions is low. The only disadvantage of Korean and Vietnamese pigs is weak immunity, so they need to be vaccinated.

Today, many are interested in the question: "Is it profitable to breed pigs?". The answer is, of course. In just 2-3 years of maintenance, you can get more than 1000 percent of the profit.

Prerequisites for pigs

Before you get hung up on the idea of ​​breeding pigs, you need to decide on the technology of breeding pigs. It is worth noting that some breeds of pigs are very demanding on the climate, feeding conditions, and therefore it is necessary to create for them special conditions. Otherwise, their content will only go at a loss.

To get pigs of any breed, it is worth, first of all, to build a pigsty and a paddock. In this case, it must be taken into account that in the corral each pig must have at least 4 square meters of free space. If the pigs are kept in small closed sheds, then productivity will be very difficult to achieve. At the same time, it is better to put the pigsty a little away from the house, since a not very pleasant smell can be heard from there. After the pigsty and pen are built, you need to buy or make your own feeders and drinkers. It is best to cover the floor with boards and lay a layer of dry straw on top so that in bad weather the pigs do not freeze and do not catch colds. It is better to breed pigs in insulated rooms.

Feeding and care

Pigs have a single-chamber stomach, which is why it is difficult for them to digest foods that contain fiber. Because of this, their diet should consist of 80 percent of foods that have a large capacity of minerals and carbohydrates, while coarse and juicy green foods should be smaller.

Pigs can also be fed traditional wet food, which includes food scraps, boiled potatoes, grains and grass. You can also feed them dry food - crushed grain mixtures with the addition of pea flour and various additives. If the second option suits you better, then you should make sure that the pigs always have water. The disadvantage of this method of feeding may be constipation and a decrease in the level of weight gain.

The dry type of feeding requires little effort, since you do not have to cook vegetables for the pigs twice a day and carry buckets with a mash. So that the pigs are not hungry, it is enough just to crush the grain in advance, add the remaining components and give the pigs a norm.

The younger generation grows better on dry feed, so if pigs are regarded as a profitable investment, and not as a destroyer of waste from the kitchen, then it is better to buy dry feed.

It is worth feeding grains to representatives of different pig breeds in a ground form, since this is how they are much better digested and absorbed. Feeding whole grains to pigs is uneconomical. Yes, pigs will eat them, but this will be of little use, since 50-60 percent of the grain will come out undigested along with feces.

As vitamin supplements, a small amount of root crops is fed to pigs raw, and as the main feed - boiled and in large enough quantities.

Pigs should not be overfed. At one meal, they should eat a little less than their stomach can accommodate, so that there is a slight feeling of hunger.

When it comes to feeding pigs of meat breeds, then care must be taken that their feed contains a large amount of protein that makes up muscle tissue. With a sufficient amount of protein in the diet of pigs, they will quickly gain live weight. Therefore, it is best to give leguminous crops, fishmeal, fodder yeast, cake, reverse, skimmed milk or meat and bone meal.

How to breed

Breeding bellied and other breeds of pigs is a complex process, so it must be taken with responsibility. According to preliminary data, the first signs of hunting in pigs may appear as early as 6-7 months of age. Hunting can be determined by the red genitals and mucous membranes. At the same time, it is worth remembering that it is better not to allow young sows to the boar at such a “young” age. It is best to carry out fertilization at the age of 10-12 months, since the sow is then already fully ready for fruiting. If the sow happens at this age, then this can lead to health problems for both the mother and offspring, as well as the tendency of the latter to gain weight.

You need to prepare for mating in advance and for a week before mating, it is better to feed the sow with juicy feed and concentrates. It is better to choose a sow from healthy, large pigs with a good appetite, since it is such an individual that will be able to bear healthy offspring. A sow that is suitable for fertilization must add at least 500 grams of live weight per day. If the mating takes place in the summer, then the pig must be released into the fresh air so that it eats grass and is nourished with useful substances.

It is better to let the uterus to the boar 12 hours after the first signs of hunting were noticed in the sow. To make sure that the mating is successful, it is necessary that the boar covers the uterus 2 times. If, a month after the mating, no signs of hunting were noticed for the sow, then we can assume that the mating was a success.

Pregnancy in representatives of various pig breeds can last from 115 to 119 days. In order to accurately know the date of farrowing, it is necessary to keep a calendar, crossing out every day that has passed since the moment of mating.

Feeding the uterus at the beginning of pregnancy is practically the same as the daily diet, however, after the first month of pregnancy, the pig must be given a balanced diet that contains a large amount of the nutrients needed by the nascent generation. Particular attention should be paid to ensure that all components of the sow's diet are fresh, since eating rotten or spoiled foods by the uterus can lead to the fact that the embryo can die right in the sow's body.

It is also worth preparing for farrowing in advance. Pigs are very aware of the approach of farrowing and begin to behave restlessly. If a pig behaves restlessly, cannot find a place for itself and drags a litter in its teeth, building something like a nest in the bottom corner of the barn, then know that a new generation will be born over the next week.

It is necessary to clean and disinfect the pigsty in advance, as well as prepare all the necessary devices that may be required during difficult births. Often, farrowing takes place at night and it is better to be watched by a qualified wind worker, but if there is none, then you can take birth on your own, having the slightest idea in this matter.

Are thoroughbred pigs. Breeding them at home is quite a profitable and profitable business. At the moment, the Russian government pays great attention to the development of the country's agriculture. Therefore, having decided to start a business of raising these animals, one can hope, among other things, for the support of the state.

Organizational matters

Having decided to organize a large farm, a novice entrepreneur will have to register his enterprise and pay taxes to the state. The most appropriate way of organizing in this case, most likely, will be an individual entrepreneur. This legal form does not require a long and complex registration, maintenance financial statements etc. Taxes in this case are usually paid according to a simplified scheme.

However, it is advisable to register a farm as an individual entrepreneur only when the entrepreneur is going to keep at least 100-200 pigs. In this case, you will have to hire workers, purchase a large amount of equipment, inventory, etc. If there is not too much livestock, registering a farm as an individual entrepreneur, and therefore paying taxes, is unprofitable. Without registration, such an enterprise is considered an ordinary household plot.

Preparatory work

Of course, raising pigs as a small business will only be successful if it is properly organized. First of all, it will be necessary to build a spacious room for the animals themselves, as well as related outbuildings. For IP buildings, you will need at least 3 - for adult livestock, young animals, as well as for equipment and inventory. In an ordinary household plot, you can get by with a barn with a small utility block.

What should be the barn

At home, which will be successful only if a comfortable room is arranged for them, the animals are unpretentious, but they must still be kept clean and warm. The following points should be taken into account:

• You can build a barn from any materials. However, concrete and reinforced concrete are not well suited for this purpose. These materials do not retain heat well, therefore, in winter, animals will become cold and sick.
• The floor of the barn should not be hard. Otherwise, the animals will damage the hooves and catch a cold. Usually the floor is made of unedged, fairly thick boards.
• The floors of the pigsty must have a slope for urine flow of at least 5 cm per 2 linear meters. In the lowest part, near the wall, a chute is arranged to drain the liquid outside the barn. The conditions for breeding pigs in terms of cleanliness must be observed. Otherwise, animals will become infected with infectious diseases.
• There are stalls for pigs near the opposite wall. One head should account for about 3 square meters. meters of area. Drinking bowls and wooden or metal feeders are installed in front of the machines, and straw is laid inside them.
• The ceilings in the pigsty should not be higher than 2-2.5 m. Otherwise, it will be cold in the room in winter.
• There is a big walk in front of the barn.

Keeping and breeding pigs: choice of breed

So, the barn was built, the inventory was purchased, the feeders were knocked down and installed. What's next? And then you will need to take care of choosing good manufacturers. First of all, you should decide on the breed of animals. There are just a huge number of them at the moment.

In the direction of productivity, the domestic pig is classified into breeds - meat, meat-greasy and greasy. The choice in this case depends mainly on the personal preferences of the farmer himself. Most farm owners consider breeding pigs with the so-called "marble" meat to be the most profitable. Selling this quality product is much easier. Such meat with a lot of fatty layers is distinguished by simply wonderful taste, it is readily purchased by restaurants, canteens and ordinary people.

Of course, the breed must be adapted to the climatic conditions of the region where the farm will be located. For a very good fit, for example, landrace (meat), Siberian northern (universal), SM (meat), etc.

Feeding

Pigs whose domestic breeding involves, among other things, the development of a suitable diet, should receive a large amount of concentrated feed. Feeding grains such as barley, rye and millet contributes to rapid weight gain and improved meat quality. Also, a very good solution is the introduction of potatoes, peas, carrots, pumpkins, and beets into the diet of animals. Somewhat less often, pigs are fed corn and buckwheat. Good results in terms of productivity can be achieved by introducing bran into the “menu” - wheat, barley, etc.

The palatability of meat significantly deteriorates when feeding pigs with oats, oilcake and soybeans. In this case, the fat loses its density and quickly turns yellow during storage, and the meat turns out to be loose and flabby. Therefore, such feeds are usually given to animals in very small quantities.

How mating is carried out

Raising pigs as a small business involves the need for constant updating of the livestock. The grown and slaughtered animals should be replaced by new ones. Therefore, we will further consider how and when mating of producers is carried out, how exactly these animals breed.

You can start breeding pigs from about 8-10 months of age. In this case, one should take into account the fact that too young queens bring few piglets. So, six-month-old pigs usually give birth to about 8 cubs. One-year-olds - already about 10-12.

The success in mating these animals largely depends on how correctly the period of hunting for the future queen was determined. Its signs include swelling and redness of the genitals, the presence of expiration, anxiety and loss of appetite. When the peak of hunting is reached, the pig falls into a kind of "stupor". At this moment, the boar should be launched. The hunting period for pigs lasts from 1 to 3 days with a frequency of 17-24 days.

Pregnancy and offspring

A pregnant domestic pig should receive only high-quality and fresh feed. In the second half of pregnancy, which in these animals lasts about 112-115 days, a large amount of cereals is included in the diet. You can not drink the future uterus with too cold water.

The farrowing of pigs is accompanied by attempts at intervals of 10 minutes. At the same time, each time a new cub is born. Childbirth can last for 1.5-6 hours. Newborn piglets are washed with a patch and the mouth and ears are cleaned of mucus. Then the babies are wiped dry and the umbilical cord is bandaged at a distance of 5 cm from the abdomen. The end of the canal is cut 1 cm higher and cauterized with iodine.

If a newborn piglet does not show signs of life, you can try to correct the situation by blowing air into it through its mouth, as well as lowering its carcass for a minute in warm water. Thus, the farrowing of pigs must in any case take place in the presence of the owner or hired worker. The fallout will be much smaller.

Animal slaughter

The ultimate goal of such an event as home breeding of pigs is, of course, obtaining fat and meat. These animals are slaughtered in household plots, as well as on small farms, usually in two ways. The first is that one person knocks the pig to the ground and holds it, while the other stabs it directly in the heart or cuts it. Using the second technology, the animal is first tied with a short rope to a stake, and then stunned with a sledgehammer or the sole of an ax. Further, in the same way as in the first method, a narrow knife is stuck into the heart.

In any case, before slaughter, the animal must be prepared. First of all, the pig should be washed. The day before the procedure, she is also stopped feeding. This is necessary so that the animal is more likely to leave the pigsty (the pig can be lured out with food). In addition, a decrease in the feed rate leads to the release of the intestines and stomach from excess substances, and therefore to an improvement in the quality of meat and fat.

The carcass of a slaughtered animal should be singeed to remove the bristles. Sometimes another method is used. The carcass is simply covered with a thin layer of straw or coniferous twigs. Then they are set on fire. In this case, the skin acquires a pleasant shade and smell. The next step is skinning and cutting.

Realization of meat

Butchered carcasses are usually sold by pig farmers to shops, restaurants or cafes. You can also sell meat at the local market. If the farm is large enough, a very good solution would be to open your own point.

Pigs, whose home breeding is not particularly troublesome, are unpretentious in food, rarely get sick and quickly gain weight. The meat of these animals today is quite expensive, and therefore the business of breeding them - if you approach the matter correctly - can become quite profitable.

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