Recent years have been characterized by increased government interest in restoring agriculture. Today, various types of farms enjoy support and benefits that allow them to quickly get back on their feet. All this makes the dairy farm business attractive to a number of entrepreneurs.

Business organization issues

First of all, the business plan must provide for registration of activities. For this purpose, such a form as a collective farm is provided. It involves the participation in entrepreneurial activity of one owner, a farmer, who can involve members of his own family in the work, but does not have the right to hire outside workers. When registering, you must specify the taxation system. As a rule, a single agricultural tax is used, on the basis of which the farmer will pay 6% of the profit received. To register a dairy farm you will need approximately 1 thousand rubles. The documentation process takes no more than five days.

Selection of land

It is recommended to search for a land plot before official registration. After all, you can only determine the scale of your business based on the area of ​​the future dairy farm. For a business to be profitable, it must occupy at least 1 thousand square meters. m. Here it is necessary to build a hangar for keeping cattle, a pen for their exercise, a feed warehouse and utility rooms in which equipment will be stored. When choosing a suitable territory, pay attention to how far it is from meadows and pastures, where livestock must be grazed in the summer and food stored for the winter. The further they are from your farm, the more they will cost you. The plot is rented or purchased from the local administration.

Investments in the project

Investments in the project will vary depending on its scale, as well as the size of the investment required to equip the territory. You can buy an abandoned farm and put it in order. Or you can order the construction of a turnkey dairy farm. Its cost depends on whether you plan to keep 20, 50 or 100 heads. For example, the project of such a farm for 50 heads will cost approximately 5-6 million rubles. For this money, a hangar (about a thousand square meters) will be delivered and installed to the farmer. Accordingly, for 100 heads the farm will cost twice as much. Costs can be reduced by providing your own design.

Regardless of the number of livestock the farm is designed for, 20 or more, the business plan must then provide for the costs of carrying out the necessary communications:

• electricity;
• water supply;
• sewerage;
• gas

This stage will take approximately six months and 100-200 thousand rubles.

Equipment

To fully equip a hangar for 50 animals, you will need at least 1.5 million rubles. They are used to organize stalls, flooring, drinking bowls, fences, insulation, maternity ward equipment, etc. For 20 heads the investment will be less.

Another item that the plan should contain in this part is the purchase of inventory and special household equipment. At a minimum, you need to purchase a tractor for collecting and transporting feed, hay, and removing garbage and waste. You can purchase an MTZ-80, to which you can attach attachments depending on the assigned tasks. You can save money if you purchase used equipment, but in good condition. The tractor will cost approximately 500-900 thousand rubles.

Purchasing animals

Another important expense item is the purchase of cows. For this part, the cost plan cannot be unambiguous: 20 heads will cost significantly less than 100. It all depends on what breed of cows you buy, whether they are milking or not, and so on. A three-month-old heifer will cost 10-15 thousand rubles, but we must take into account that she still needs to grow before her first calving. A dairy cow, which has already given birth to calves 2-3 times, costs from 60 thousand rubles. That is, about 3 million rubles must be allocated to purchase 50 heads of dairy cows. If you buy 50 heads of young heifers, the investment plan may be reduced by 5-6 times, but the first profit from them will come in no less than 10 months. That is, if you plan to open a farm for 50 heads of cattle, investments in the purchase of livestock will amount to 6-12 million rubles. Accordingly, if you plan to purchase 100 heads, the size of the investment will double, and if you plan to purchase 20, it will be reduced by more than half.

Production and sales

It’s worth thinking about and establishing distribution channels already at the stage of building a farm. You should not rely only on shops and small intermediaries - as a rule, their demand is small and inconsistent. In addition, they usually seek to draw up an agreement on deferred payment. Your main clients should be processing companies. They usually buy goods in large quantities and pay for the purchase immediately. It is enough for a small farmer to establish relationships with two such enterprises in order to have constant sales channels and calmly increase production.

You can also think about your own processing plant. There are proposals on the market for equipping workshops for the production of dairy products such as whey, kefir, cheese, sour cream, and cottage cheese. Then the final product will cost at least twice as much as the milk itself. But at the same time, you will be able to set the price for the final product lower than in the same stores, since you use your own raw materials.

Financial part

The main expenses of a dairy farm will be:

• renting or purchasing land for a cowshed;
• construction or repair of a barn;
• acquisition of goals;
• purchase and installation of equipment;
• maintenance and feed costs;
• car with tank.

The income comes from the sale of milk. If you sell them to factories, then a liter of product will cost an average of 5-6 rubles, and if directly to the population - 20 rubles. Accordingly, with a farm of 150 heads, which produces about 75 thousand liters of milk per month, you can count on an income of 1.3 million rubles. per month. With such indicators, the payback period for the farm will be about 5 years.

In this material:

A business plan for a dairy farm for 20 heads requires careful adherence to all points, including market analysis and searching for sales of products. The demand for milk and dairy products is constant regardless of the season. Due to the foreign policy situation in the country in recent years, the need for domestic goods, including dairy, has sharply increased. In addition, the state’s internal policy is now aimed at developing domestic agriculture. The supply provided by existing dairy farms is not enough. We are talking not only about the receipt and sale of milk, but also other dairy products. In this regard, the dairy business will not be a loser.

Project profitability and payback period

Undoubtedly, the dairy business is a profitable business, but how much, and is this profit worth the effort? The costs of opening and developing a dairy farm will be as follows:

1. Registration of the farm in accordance with current legislation. The regional average amount that may be required varies within 50 thousand rubles.
2. Rent or construction of premises where the cattle will be located. The average cost of a month's payment for a farm will be 150 thousand rubles.
3. Repair work and subsequent disinfection. This cost item will cost approximately 300 thousand rubles.
4. Equipment costs will amount to about 1920 thousand rubles.
5. Purchase of 20 head of livestock. On average, one cow costs 40 thousand rubles. 20 heads will cost 800 thousand rubles.
6. You will have to prepare 950 thousand rubles for feed and rent of pastures.
7. On average, 165 thousand rubles will be spent on wages for workers.
8. Utility bills and taxes. Considering that the farm will be located outside the city, where the cost of housing and communal services is much lower, this expense item will average 50 thousand rubles.

Just for opening you will need an amount of 4385 thousand rubles. This is a significant investment for many entrepreneurs. It is necessary to take into account that some expenses will be repeated monthly: wages, housing and communal services, tax payments, etc. The average payback period for a dairy farm is 31 months. After this time, the farm will begin to generate a stable income.

The figures are given for a farm with a small herd of 20 heads of cattle. In order for the work and worries to be justified, it is worth opening a farm with at least 150 heads of livestock. With such a number of cows, the profit will be sufficient. The larger the herd, the greater the profit, but also the higher the initial investment. These points need to be taken into account when drawing up a business plan for a dairy farm.

Starting a business

Project development begins with the registration of the enterprise in accordance with current legislation. First you need to decide on the form of ownership of the organization - a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur. Having decided, it is necessary to formalize the organization legally. Next, a personal account is opened at the bank in the name of the entrepreneur.

The rest of the documentation is completed after renting the premises, purchasing livestock and equipment. Before the farm begins to operate, it must undergo fire safety, sanitary and epidemiological and veterinary inspections. The result of the control must be documented and kept by the owner of the company.

Before opening, you need to get your accounting in order. The accountant will have to prepare financial reporting documents that will be submitted to the relevant government agencies. This matter must be approached responsibly, since incorrectly compiled reporting may result in criminal penalties. An accountant can be hired on a permanent basis or only for reporting.

Another important document that will be drawn up during work is a report on the regular inspection of livestock by a veterinarian. The doctor can be part of the permanent staff of the farm or as a one-time employee.

After the company has been registered, you need to start looking for a place to keep livestock. The livestock may be located in the nearest suburb or far from the city. There are several scenarios for the development of events: purchasing a place on which a farm will be built, purchasing an existing but abandoned farm.

The appropriate option should be selected based on the available funds, the planned number of livestock and the time expected to open the farm. If the plot is purchased or leased, there will be costs for the construction of outbuildings. When working with an existing farm, complex work will be required to repair and disinfect it.

1. Tractor for transporting feed, manure and other household needs.
2. Mower, rakes and other equipment required for making hay.
3. A vehicle for delivering products to the buyer.
4. Milking machines.
5. Mini-workshop for processing milk into various dairy products. Its acquisition can be excluded if there are not enough funds for it.
6. Equipment for obtaining and processing milk.

When buying cattle, you need to pay attention to its breed. You should not save on this point, since cows of an expensive breed, as a rule, produce high-quality milk, which can be set at a high price.

You can additionally organize the breeding and sale of young purebred calves.

To feed the cows, pastures are rented and special concentrated feed and hay are purchased.

The costs of keeping cows include their insemination and periodic examination, and treatment by a veterinarian.

Dairy farming is a win-win idea. With sufficient start-up capital and patience, you can achieve constant and increasing profits.

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Unfortunately in Russia and other CIS countries production not very well established. Only some categories of goods are in such great demand that entrepreneurs and businessmen are ready to invest in the production of the product. We are now not talking about industry, with which everything is more or less normal, but exclusively about consumer goods. Now the CIS countries produce, in the vast majority of cases, only essential goods such as bakery products, sausages, dairy products, as well as alcoholic beverages (probably one of the most popular goods, unfortunately).

In this article we will show a typical business plan for a dairy farm that can be implemented on your own, and also provide information on how much money and effort you will need to organize such a business and what the average profitability is.

It is worth saying that dairy products are very popular in our country, milk is not just a “drink”, or the “first” products made from it (cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt, etc.), today it and dairy by-products are used in most industries. For example, the so-called powdered milk, without which not a single bread factory can do, as well as ice cream and many other types of products.

Previously, due to the shortage of “native” production in Russia and other neighboring countries, a lot of dairy products were sold from abroad, this is a huge minus for the entire economy, because such products are much more expensive than “our own” ones - this time, the profit from the sale does not go to the treasury ( in the form of taxes), as well as to our residents (who would be engaged in production), and, for the most part, to the imported manufacturer. But due to the high foreign exchange rate in recent years (and especially months), the import of dairy products has decreased significantly and the need for “our own” milk has arisen. So now you can make good money by opening a dairy farm, the only difficulty for most people is absolute ignorance of this topic, because cows are living beings and they require careful, special care.

Despite many difficulties, you should not be afraid to start a business. Recently, conditions have changed and now technology helps in most processes on such farms. And having drawn up a competent business plan for a dairy farm, or having found an existing one, you can calculate in advance how much money you will need to purchase cows, build premises, as well as all the necessary equipment and livestock maintenance (this is also a significant part of the expenses, especially at the initial stage , when money flies away for everything, everything, everything).

How to open your own dairy farm and what to pay attention to

Now let’s move directly to the dairy farm business plan - how, what and how much, and also in what time frame it is carried out. It is worth saying that there are 2 main directions in this field of activity and you, depending on your financial capabilities, should immediately decide what you will do. In most cases, beginners want to “rise” in this type of business, so:

The first is the opening of an industrial farm of huge scale (starting from 100 animals you can have huge incomes, with proper organization of production, of course), which requires millions of investments (in rubles) at the initial stage. The second - “part-time job”, or not the main type of activity, is suitable for those people who have the money to organize their own business and live in a rural area (well, or near it, in order to be able to control all processes personally).

In the case of the first option, a huge plot of land is purchased on which a modern farm is built, taking into account the latest trends in this market (in other words, very expensive), the equipment is taken as automatic and the best as possible, so that the least number of people take part in milk production. To do this, they buy “milking machines” that are available to the cows around the clock, whenever they want - they approach them and “give” the milk; accordingly, the “organizers” of this process, which are needed on small farms, do not need to be involved and they do not have to pay wages, but the equipment A plan like this would be oh so expensive. The same applies to the direct purchase of livestock; a cow costs, on average, from 40 to 100 thousand rubles, depending on the breed, “condition” (how and where it was raised, whether it has the necessary vaccinations and everything like that) and size, so 100 heads will cost at least 5-10 million rubles.

The second option is suitable for most of our audience, as it can be implemented even with a small amount to start. In some not very progressive village, buying land or a barn, as well as reconstructing it, will not be too expensive, especially if you are an entrepreneur, you can save at all stages and do some types of work yourself, or with the help of local residents, those who want to make money, who will take much less money for the property than the “urban” ones. To purchase 10-15 cows, you will need an amount of ~600-800 thousand rubles (or about 17-20 thousand dollars), you need a minimum of equipment, and not too much feed at first (namely, about raising cows and the nuances associated with this business, read further in our dairy farm business plan).

So decide for yourself whether you have enough strength and money to start such a business. At the initial stage it will be very difficult, but in the future, when work gets better, it will be possible to have additional income without any problems and increase the livestock, becoming richer over time, which will allow you to modernize the farm and increase production even more.

Features of this type of business as a dairy farm

Russia's need for milk is enormous - today the required volume is much more than 60 million tons per year, so many will be able to squeeze into this business; ultimately, there are still imported goods that can be supplanted if you try hard (due to the conditions business, importers simply will not be able to compete with local production on price). To start this, and any business, correctly, it is worth deciding on all the stages of action and gaining knowledge about each of them, because any little thing at the initial stage can be an opportunity for you to save additional money, or lose it if you are in the dark. We offer a basic business plan for a dairy farm, which allows you to get an overall picture of such a business as the production and subsequent sale of milk to buyers.

The most important thing here, as you already understand, is the cows, which are the producers of the main product - milk, so by providing them with everything they need and properly caring for them, you will have good yield and sales, otherwise it will be difficult to even get back the money originally invested. for the construction of a dairy farm and the purchase of livestock.

There is a close relationship between productivity and the “live” weight of a cow. The larger the animal, the higher the efficiency, for example - a cow weighing 450 kg gives milk only 6.5 times more than its weight, while having a mass of 750 kg (not even 2 times the previous one), we will get “milk yield” 14 times the mass of a cow. And this is only one of the nuances, so you shouldn’t skimp on the necessary care and food, because the larger the animal, the more milk you will get and the less the cost of one liter will be for you as a producer.

The same applies to feed consumption - the greater the cow’s productivity, the less she consumes “per unit of product,” or, more simply, a liter of milk. And this means the following - at the initial stage, you will need a maximum of cash injections in order to “feed” the cows to their best form, when they will produce a lot of milk, the cost of which for you will remain as low as possible.

Who is the best dairy farm business plan for?

Of course, anyone can open their own dairy farm, but there are a huge number of nuances that make doing this in a rural area (and living in it) much easier and more profitable than being a resident of a metropolis. If we consider a dairy farm as a business for beginners, then the most productive way would be to build (or buy an abandoned barn from neighbors, if there is one), after which it is enough to just buy a dozen head of cows. With the most efficient approach to raising livestock, in the near future you will be able to make good money selling milk to buyers.

Speaking of efficiency, we return to the topic of the weight of the cow - the larger it is, the more milk it can give, so it’s certainly not worth wasting money on feeding livestock - the larger it becomes, the lower your costs for producing one liter of milk become, Accordingly, you can earn more on a dairy farm. The business plan for a dairy farm is quite simple - especially when it comes to a small farm near your own home. Only premises and a few heads of livestock will be enough (for starters), then, when money appears, the business can be scaled up, it’s just that initially you are unlikely to be able to manage a large farm (for example, to open a dairy farm for 250 heads you will have to spend tens of millions of rubles, which they can afford very few).

Dairy farms require a lot of money and seed capital to get started, much more than producing meat from cows and calves. Find out why you want it and how you will get into this business before you open a dairy farm.

If you are not the first to open a farm, but inherit it from your parents or grandparents, this article will only be an overview for you.

Steps

Write a business plan. This is especially important for those starting from scratch. Find out more details on how to open a dairy farm. If you're starting a dairy farm for the first time, make sure you consider things like manure, livestock health care, feed rations, breeding schedules for each cow, calf births, human resources (you may need to hire people to help you) , caring for calves, milking cows, harvesting, etc. All this must be planned before moving on to the next stage.

Capital. If you are looking for a farm that already has the necessary capital (buildings, equipment, machinery), then you just need to make sure that it has adequate sterile conditions for storing and pasteurizing milk, cow barns, pens, manure feeding and storage areas, milking hall, and enough land to grow feed for your cows.

• If you buy a piece of land, then you need to construct buildings. Make sure you build silos, barns, manure lagoons or pools, pens, cow milking stands (usually a dairy parlor), and an area for the cows to roam. You will also need a central section and a section where you can keep the calves that have been weaned from the cows so that you can bottle feed and the cows can produce milk.
  • Make sure that the size of the buildings matches the size of the herd you want to start with, but also matches the maximum size you want to eventually reach.

1. Find a company to sell milk to. You may also have to prepare documents that you must send to the state, on top of everything else. In Canada there must be a quota of one hundred cows for it to qualify as a dairy farm. (Quota means the minimum number of animals allowed to start and produce dairy products).

2. Buy cows. Holsteins are the best breeds for the best milk production per day. Make sure they are healthy, good producers with good udders, free from disease and obedient. You can purchase Jerseys and/or Brown Swiss breeds in addition to your daily production amount. .

   • A healthy herd is very important for dairy production. Dairy cows can get sick easily, and are more prone to leg and udder injuries than beef cows, and are also prone to milk fever and ketosis after calving. In order to have a healthy dairy herd, health regulations must be strictly followed.
   • Set up a breeding/calving/weaning schedule that is different from, but more or less similar to, cattle.
     • You need cows to calve 365 days a year to maintain a constant supply of milk for producers to sell.
   • Dairy cows require a higher quality of feed than beef cattle and, as a result, eat more so they can meet their bodily needs to produce milk. This requires a good feed ration.
   • Allow calves to drink milk for at least a month to give them sufficient strength.
   • Dairy manure stinks. Don't let it accumulate in sheds. There is a system where manure can be easily moved from the barn to the lagoons to minimize the odor from the ammonia produced in urine and feces.
   • Make sure you have good experience to ensure your cows are as comfortable as possible during milking.

   Warnings

   • If possible, stay away from dairy bulls. They are very dangerous, more dangerous than bulls for meat. This is why AI (artificial insemination) is a necessity for dairy farmers, as it is not as dangerous as having a dairy bull next to you. Artificial insemination technologies are a good option for breeding cows.
   • Don't start a business with a few thousand dollars in your bank account. You could also raise beef cows rather than dairy cows, since dairy farms require more money to start a business.
   • Don't start a business thinking it will be easy. This is wrong. You'll be busy from sunup to sundown every day, doing everything from milking cows to tax paperwork. Additional manpower can help you with the tedious day-to-day work, but even with hired workers, you will have to supervise them to see how they do and what they do.

• Land plot
• Purchasing animals
• Products and sales
• Financial expenses
  • Payment to employees
  • Purchase of feed
  • Veterinary service
  • Rent a plot
  • Repair work
• Technology for the production of dairy products on a mini-farm
  • • • Similar business ideas:

For most novice entrepreneurs, organizing a mini-dairy farm seems much preferable to launching classic projects in this industry. There are reasons for this. Firstly, a mini-farm requires significantly smaller production areas. Secondly, the entrance fee to business has been significantly reduced. Thirdly, a mini-farm requires much lower maintenance costs and in most cases all work is carried out by one family, which owns the farm. In addition, small farming allows you to test new technology and a new product without much risk and reach a new level of business without serious financial losses...

Land plot

Business begins with searching for a plot of land. Even a small farm requires a land plot of 1000 m2. On such a territory there will be a hangar for keeping cattle, a summer pen for livestock, a warehouse for storing feed and a room for placing equipment and household supplies. inventory. It is desirable that the site be located as close as possible to the natural food supply (meadows, pastures). Otherwise, work on preparing feed will be very expensive. To purchase or rent a plot of land, you must contact the district administration.

How much money do you need to start a business like opening a dairy farm?

The amount of investment to open a dairy farm depends on many factors. The first and main one is the scale of production or, in other words, the volume of production. It is logical to assume that the costs of building a dairy farm for 100 heads of cattle will be higher than building a farm for 50 heads. There are companies in Russia that offer turnkey construction of mini dairy farms. A typical farm project for 50 heads will cost an entrepreneur 5 - 6 million rubles. The price includes delivery and installation of a hangar for keeping animals with an area of ​​about 1000 m2. Construction of premises according to your own design may slightly reduce investments, but you cannot count on an amount of less than 2 million rubles.

The farmer's costs don't end there. Next, it is necessary to bring communications to the structure (hangar). It is no secret that this is not an easy procedure for a Russian entrepreneur. Electricity, water and gas connections will be required. These procedures, depending on the efficiency of the entrepreneur and the amenability of network companies, can take up to 6 months. The cost of this stage will cost the businessman 100 - 200 thousand rubles.

What equipment to choose for a dairy farm

The premises have been built, communications have been installed - then it is necessary to equip the dairy complex and purchase equipment. It will be necessary to equip stalls, install drinking bowls, floor coverings, fences and partitions, brushes, ventilation curtains, milk coolers, install a maternity ward, and so on. You may need funds to insulate the hangar. This is an equally expensive part of the project. In order to fully equip a hangar for housing 50 dairy cows, it is necessary to invest at least 1.5 - 2.5 million rubles.

The next point is the purchase of special equipment and household items. inventory. In any normal farm, it is necessary to have at least one tractor - it is commonplace to bring in feed (hay, haylage, compound feed), remove garbage, organic waste, if necessary, mow the grass, and so on. The MTZ-80 copes well with such tasks with attachments in the form of a mower, plow, harrow, cultivator and seeder. It is not necessary to buy new equipment, you can buy used equipment, the main thing is that it is “on the move” and does not need to be repaired more than it was used. For this cost item it will be necessary to allocate another 500 - 900 thousand rubles.

Purchasing animals

And finally, the last and most “living” part of the costs is the purchase of farm animals. And here the costs can vary dramatically. What animals will you take: dairy cows or raised heifers? A dairy cow (2-3 calvings) will cost at least 60 thousand rubles, a heifer from 3 months will cost 10-15 thousand rubles, but she still needs to be raised. Thus, to purchase 50 dairy cows ready to immediately produce milk, you will need to invest at least 3 million rubles. Buying young animals in the same quantity will help save money 5-6 times, but receiving finished products will have to be delayed for at least 10-12 months.

Thus, the total investment in a dairy farm for 50 head of cattle will be from 6 to 12 million rubles.

Which tax system to choose for registering a dairy farm

The next step is business registration. A small dairy farm can be registered as a peasant farm. This legal form is ideal for a family business. One person from the family is registered as the head of the household, and the rest - as members of the household. The registration process itself costs “kopecks” (no more than 1000 rubles) and takes 5 working days from the moment the documents are submitted to the tax office.

It is advisable to use the Unified Agricultural Tax (USAT) as a taxation system. For farming, this is the most profitable option. The farmer has to pay only 6% of the farm's profit.

Products and sales

Even before opening a dairy farm, it is necessary to decide on potential distribution channels for the products. This is such a well-known business postulate that neglecting it can destroy any project even at its start. Small wholesale resellers and stores are of course good, but you shouldn’t count on constant demand from them. In addition, many small clients will want to work on a sales basis or with deferred payment, which also causes a lot of problems. The real client is processing enterprises that buy milk in large quantities and without any delays. By getting one or two such clients, you can significantly simplify your life and think about high prospects.

You can increase the income of a dairy farm by installing an additional milk processing workshop. For example, dairy shop KOLAX-501, with which you can produce cottage cheese, sour cream, cheese, kefir and whey. The advantage of processing is that the price of the final product increases several times, and by using our own raw materials, that is, milk, the cost of the finished product is significantly reduced.

Of course, you don’t have to bother and deal only with milk. Moreover, processing requires additional investments, which a beginning farmer cannot always afford.

How much can you earn on a dairy farm?

The income of a dairy farm will depend primarily on the productivity of the dairy herd and on the selling price of milk. The average milk yield per cow is 5000 liters per year. Yes, there are more successful farms that manage to increase this figure to 10,000 liters, but it is better to focus on average values. It turns out that 50 cows will bring about 250,000 liters of milk to the farm. The average wholesale price of 1 liter of milk by region is 15 rubles (2014). From here, the dairy farm’s revenue will be: 250,000 x 15 = 3,750,000 rubles.

Financial expenses

Payment to employees

Everything is clear with income, they are calculated simply. Another thing is planning business expenses. The first, and perhaps the main item of fixed expenses of a dairy farm is the payment of wages to employees. The wages of four workers (this number is enough to service 50 dairy cows) will be from 60 thousand rubles per month, respectively, per year - 720 thousand rubles. Official employment of workers will require payment of insurance contributions to the Pension Fund and the Social Insurance Fund. Each employee must be paid monthly 30% of their salary (in 2014). Thus, for the year you will have to pay another 216 thousand insurance rubles.

Purchase of feed

Another significant expense item is the purchase of feed. According to statistical observations, one cow eats 15 thousand rubles worth of feed per year. This is not exact data, since it all depends on where and how much the feed is purchased. Rather, it is some kind of average indicator that you can rely on when planning your business. Thus, the cost of feed for 50 animals will be 750 thousand rubles per year.

Veterinary service

In addition to the cost of feed, the mandatory expenses of a dairy farm should include the cost of veterinary care, since without this it will not be possible to sell the products. Annual veterinary care will cost about 1000 - 2000 rubles per head, 50 heads will require 50 - 100 thousand rubles.

Rent a plot

In addition, the cost of renting the site should be taken into account. Everything here is very individual, and largely depends on the rental rates of local authorities. Renting 1-2 hectares of land can cost from 50 thousand rubles per year. Next are utility bills for electricity and water. Maintaining 50 heads of cattle can cost from 80-100 thousand rubles per year.

Repair work

Other expenses include costs for fuels and lubricants, minor repairs of premises, equipment and machinery, as well as force majeure. It would not be wrong to allocate about 150 thousand rubles per year for this article.

Hence, the total annual expenses of the farm for maintaining 50 cows will be about 2,036,000 rubles.

Profit before tax will be equal to 1,714,000 rubles. Minus taxes (Unified Agricultural Tax, 6%), the net profit of the dairy farm will be 1,611,160 rubles. With such calculations, the return on investment will occur in 4-5 years, which is a good indicator for such a business.

State support for farming - how to get money

In recent years, the state has been paying more and more attention to the development of farming in rural areas. In some regions, subsidies are provided annually to beginning farmers. Subsidies are free financial assistance; subsidies should not be confused with loans. For example, in the Ulyanovsk region, as part of the “Beginner Farmer” program, an entrepreneur can receive a free subsidy of up to 1.8 million rubles for the development of his own farm. Financial support is provided on a competitive basis and priority is given to cattle breeding farms. Any beginning farmer can take part in the competition if no more than 3 years have passed since his state registration. This amount is enough to purchase 25-30 adult cows at the start and start a full-fledged farming business.

Step-by-step plan for opening a mini-dairy farm. Where to begin

In order to open a mini-dairy farm, you need desire, money, land and livestock. The main difference between a mini-farm and a regular one is its size, which means that the cost of maintaining it will be lower. As a rule, no more than 5 workers perform all necessary work. First, you need to register an individual entrepreneur and collect all the necessary documents. After this, it is advisable to begin building the barn. It is desirable that it contains several compartments for various purposes, and is also equipped with the necessary communications. Next, we purchase equipment, feed and, finally, livestock. The number of livestock on such farms usually does not exceed 30 cows.

Which OKVED ID should I indicate when registering a mini-dairy farm?

To register a dairy farm, you must select OKVED code 01.21 - allowing the breeding of cattle. And also 15.51 - implying milk processing and cheese production, 51.33.1 and 52.27.11 - trade in dairy products (wholesale and retail).

What documents are needed to open a mini-dairy farm?

To open a mini-dairy farm, the following documents are required:

1. Land lease agreement.
2. Permission from fire inspectors.
3. On-load tap-changer permit.
4. Application for registration of individual entrepreneurs.
5. Quality certificates for goods that are subject to mandatory veterinary examination.

Do I need permission to open a mini dairy farm?

Permission will be required from the veterinary service, and it will also be necessary to undergo periodic inspections to obtain a certificate of the quality of the products produced. If you plan to supply your products to retail outlets, you must obtain a permit indicating their quality.