Movement along an innovative path of development is possible only if there are favorable conditions for the effective implementation of the country's accumulated innovative potential and its further increase, building an effective mechanism for managing innovation processes. At the same time, it is necessary to point out the important, and even to some extent decisive, importance of the psychological aspects of innovative activity, which play a decisive role in overcoming the innovative inertia of business entities of various forms of business, capital owners, and the state. There is an objective need to change the attitude of people to the new reality, the psychology of their perception of innovations, to instill an understanding of the meaning and role of activating innovative changes. This can be achieved only on the basis of deep knowledge of the real motives of the innovative activity of various subjects. Therefore, a comprehensive study of aspects of motivation, which is a decisive causal factor in the effectiveness of innovative activities, and the construction of a motivational mechanism adequate to the specifics of modern conditions is especially relevant today.

Analysis and generalization of materials from publications of domestic and foreign researchers indicates insufficient development of issues of motivation in the field of innovation. It should, of course, be noted that there is a large amount of information in the economic literature concerning the motivation of labor activity, but the specificity of innovation processes rejects the possibility of an identical interpretation of all concepts inherent in the category of "motivation" in relation to these two types of activity. Thus, currently:

· There is no theoretical substantiation of the concept of motivation and its specifics in the context of innovation;

· There is no clear delineation of motives and incentives for innovative activity of various business entities;

· The content and structure of the mechanism for managing the motivation of innovative activity have not been disclosed;

· There is no study of the economic aspect of motivating innovation, the practical applicability of the motivational mechanism, a methodology for assessing its effectiveness.

Due to the complexity, versatility and specificity of the economic, psychological and ethical relations that develop between the subjects of innovation, the innovation process is carried out in accordance with its inherent stochastic laws, but this does not deny the fact that it does not lend itself to control. Management of any kind of processes requires a deep understanding of their essence, an understanding of the driving forces. Therefore, knowing what is at the origins of the emergence of innovations as such, what gives rise to any idea, what prompts various business entities to be active participants in innovative activity, what motives lie at the basis of their behavior, it is possible to form an adequate system for managing innovative processes, as at the level of an individual enterprise and throughout the country. The basis of such a system should be a motivation mechanism as a source of activity of various participants in innovative activities in the direction of constant development, implementation and effective use of innovative products, but to build a model of such a mechanism, it is necessary to clearly define the conceptual apparatus and knowledge of the nature of the phenomena and processes hidden behind a particular concept. ...

The first step towards solving this problem is to define the essence of the category "motivation", as well as to comprehend the basic concepts that are inextricably linked with it and necessary to understand the essence of the category itself. It should be noted that there are many points of view regarding the interpretation of the concept of "motivation", which is explained by the multidimensional and interdisciplinary nature of this category and the relationships that it describes. Various researchers, both foreign and domestic, depending on the views, beliefs, methodological approaches, describe the essence of motivation in different ways. Here are some definitions as an example:

Motivation- these are forces that exist inside and outside a person, which arouse in him enthusiasm and perseverance in performing certain actions;

Motivation- the state of the personality, which determines the degree of activity and direction of a person's actions in a particular situation;

Motivation- a set of motivating factors that cause the activity of the individual and determine the direction of his activity;

Motivation- a set of internal and external driving forces that induce a person to act, set the boundaries and forms of activity and give this activity an orientation focused on achieving certain goals;

Motivation- the process of encouraging oneself and others to take action to achieve personal goals and organizational goals.

As you can see, the mentioned researchers are unanimous in the opinion that motivation is "something" that causes the subject to be active in a certain direction to achieve specific goals. This "something" can be characterized as a set of motive-forming factors that can be set from the outside or formed subjectively by a person in accordance with his value orientations, aspirations, interests, expectations. But most often the influence of external factors is perceived by the subject only through the prism of the inner "I", leading to modifications of the system of motive factors, which is no longer identical, neither the internal nor the external set of factors that generate certain motives. However, motivation cannot be simply considered as a set of any motivating forces, factors, a certain state of the personality, it is rather a process of formation of the motivational structure of a person, as a set of motives, under the influence of a complex of motive-forming factors that induce the subject to purposeful behavior and obtain a certain result.

	Increasing competitiveness
Improving the quality of products
Development of new sales markets
Increasing share in an already developed market
Expanding the range of product use
	Implementation of our own scientific developments in practice
Replacement of obsolete products
Reducing production risks
	Reduced labor costs
Compliance with standards
Reducing material consumption
Reducing energy costs
Reducing the load on the OS

If we analyze the motives of innovation activity at different stages of the innovation process and from the point of view of its various participants, then the desire to obtain the maximum economic effect cannot be elevated to the rank of the leading motive in the hierarchical system of motives of the subjects participating in innovation at each specific stage. Each stage of the innovation process is characterized by its own structure of motives, which is influenced by numerous factors that contribute to the creation of favorable conditions for creative activity or hinder its implementation. As a result of the constructive or destructive influence of these factors, changes occur in the set of motives, both in the process of implementing a specific stage, and in the transition to the next stage of the innovation process. This transition presupposes certain transformations in the priority of motives, the elimination of some and the emergence of other motives associated with a change in the conditions of the innovation process, with a change in its participants, their needs, interests, goals, etc.

For example, at the stage of the emergence of an idea, considered as a stage of search, the discovery of something new that does not exist in objective (subjective) reality, or a change and further improvement of already existing objects and phenomena, at the basis of the creative activity of subjects (namely, initiators of new ideas, developers of innovative products) there can be a wide variety of motives, such as the desire to solve a certain problem of a technical, technological, organizational nature; cognitive interest; the need for self-expression, self-affirmation, constant creative search; identification with an idol; material motives, public recognition and others. At the same time, if at the stage of the emergence of an idea, the dominant motive in the system of motivating a subject to conduct research was the desire to solve a problem of a certain nature, then, say, at the stage of economic justification, the desire to obtain the maximum effect from the introduction of the most rational option for solving this problem is brought to the fore.

If we talk about the priority in considering the problems of motivation at each of the stages of the innovation process and the formation of an effective motivational mechanism, then it should be noted that in modern conditions the main attention should be paid to the stage of the emergence of the idea, since this is a source of innovation generation based on the capabilities of the personnel component of the innovative the potential of the state as a whole or of an individual enterprise, research organization, etc. It is the human resource with its inexhaustible intellectual potential that is the main driving force behind innovative transformations, therefore, the development of issues of motivation for creativity (initiation of innovation) is a key factor in overcoming the existing, today, inertness of the subjects of innovation.

External and internal factors can be singled out as factors influencing the activity of innovative activity in the most enlarged form. Those factors of the external environment have an objective nature, the action of which is due to long-term tendencies and cannot be associated with one-time volitional decisions of a particular subject. The subjective nature is characteristic, on the contrary, for such components of the external environment, the action of which is a direct consequence of a deliberately made decision in relation to a given economic system.

It should be noted that in an innovative economy, the action of these factors is carried out in the aggregate. Stimulating incentives - objective and subjective - are coordinated, subordinate, interpenetrate and form a system of motivation for the implementation of innovative activities, forming an innovative strategy at a specific stage of development.

The plurality of socio-economic relations connecting modern innovative structures with various counterparties in the form of consumers, intermediaries, competitors, financial institutions, government services, etc., makes these structures full-fledged subjects of market relations. This circumstance forces them to act in accordance with the objective laws of the market, the specificity of the manifestation of which is determined by the ratio of market methods for regulating the economy and the degree of state influence in a particular economic system.

External motivating factors can be conditionally divided into positive, causing a positive reaction and activating the activity of the subject in the direction of implementing innovations, and negative, forcing to participate in innovative activities (these can be various kinds of sanctions for failure to perform certain actions, non-receipt of planned results). However, one should not focus on the second group of factors, which, although they are capable of being quite effective in some cases, narrow their influence on the motivation of subjects participating in innovative processes, weaken the general level of motivation, since it is not the desire to achieve something that dominates in the structure of motives. , but the fear of punishment. In addition, the lack of negative factors is manifested in the short duration of their influence - they have a stimulating effect only during the period of their action.

Motives generated by external factors not directly related to the nature of the activity are called extrinsic motives, these include: the motive of duty and responsibility to society; self-determination motive; the desire to gain the approval of others, high social status; motives for avoiding punishment. If these motives act, it is not activity in itself that is attractive, but only that which is associated with it (for example, power, material well-being, prestige), but this is often not enough to induce activity. It is important that extrinsic motives are supported by procedural-meaningful (intrinsic) motives, when the activity of the subject is caused not by the influence of specific external factors, but by the process itself and the content of the activity. The subject is interested in what he is doing, the nature of the activity, he likes to show his intellectual and physical activity. The formation of pro-procedural-meaningful motives is especially important in the process of implementing innovative activities, when it comes to the creative nature of the work of developers of innovative products. It is necessary to create conditions under which the leading motive in the motivational structure of the individual would be the process of intellectual activity itself, not forgetting, of course, the role of extrinsic factors in enhancing the general level of motivation. In our opinion, the following are among the economic laws that actively influence innovation activity:

The law of obtaining and appropriating profit, which can also be called the law of movement of a market economy, since profit is the driving force of production;

The law of value, which regulates the development of the economy and determines the need for mutually beneficial exchange in all types of transactions;

The laws of supply and demand that determine the economic mechanism of the relationship between production and consumption;

The law of competition, which characterizes the economic mechanism by which objective economic laws are implemented and interact on a specific type of market;

The regularity of the cyclical development of the economy, which determines the relationship between business, including innovation, and the corresponding phase of the "cycle".

"Head of an Autonomous Institution", 2011, N 10

Today, changes are taking place in the education system that make it possible for the teacher to reveal his creative potential. Moreover, the course for the innovative development of the state initially presupposes the advancement of the teacher with his culture, physical, mental, and moral health. However, any progressive undertakings will be blocked if the teacher does not see the benefits of introducing any innovations into his work.

External and internal motives

One of the serious problems of the domestic education system at the present time can be considered emotional burnout of teachers... This danger primarily affects people over 40 years old, although at this age many of them already have sufficient professional experience and, it would seem, it is from these specialists that one should expect a significant rise in professional terms. The urgency of this problem is explained by the fact that the average age of teachers in Russian educational institutions is exactly 42 - 45 years. Therefore, the heads of such institutions need to pay special attention to the potential danger for employees and provide them with emotional and psychological support in time, to form motivation - as the basis for the teacher's self-development, his desire to achieve new heights in the profession.

Note that in most cases, motivation is interpreted as an incentive that causes a person's activity and determines its direction. However, it should be remembered: in order to induce a person to act in some way, you need to do so that he himself wants it.

Psychologists traditionally divide the factors influencing the innovative activity of teachers into two groups:

• external in relation to the subject of the innovation process;
• internal, associated with the individual psychological and personal characteristics of innovators (value orientation, level of anxiety, self-actualization, control).

Internal readiness to accept a systemic innovation is considered to be the most important condition for the implementation of innovations.

As practice shows, a person cannot but depend in his decisions and actions on the influence of the environment. However, introducing external stimuli, it must be remembered that circumstances and environmental conditions affect motivation only if they become significant for a person, begin to satisfy his needs or desires. Thus, external factors in the process of motivation should be transformed into internal ones.

We form motivation

Here is an example of how intrinsic factors of motivation can affect the performance of employees and their degree of susceptibility to innovation. Psychological and pedagogical trainings on the formation of motivational readiness of teachers for innovative activities, conducted at the MBOU DOD "Center for extracurricular work" Istoki "(Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Novy Urengoy), gave interesting results. work in three main areas:

1. Problem identification (observation, diagnostics, data analysis).
2. Practical exercises (trainings, consultations).
3. Feedback. Reflection.

The topics for the trainings were determined on the basis of the problems identified during the diagnosis, as well as taking into account the recommendations of the methodologists of the city education department. The result was a lesson plan has been drawn up, which provided for the development of such important topics as:

1. Psychological portrait of a specialist.
2. The reasons for professional burnout.
3. Stress and stress resistance (health-saving technologies).
4. Self-management of the teacher, the development of pedagogical reflection.
5. Basic needs of the individual and their hierarchy.
6. The main stages of motivation.

Based on the results of the lessons, the teachers revealed positive and negative motivation.

When positive motivation the employee had a desire to directly realize the need to achieve success, develop his abilities, learn new things, as well as an incentive to feel his own worth.

When negative motivation a kind of self-prohibition arose, inhibiting the impulses to realize the need. For example, teachers often said: “I don’t need innovations, I have been working on the program for twenty years, I feel like a fish in water, and I’m offered to go to refresher courses”. Or: "And without that there is enough work, and then there are contests like" Teacher - researcher - innovator ".

Research has also revealed a lack of clarity in employee priorities. For 65% of teachers, the native educational institution is not the only "light in the window". Only 47% of specialists are close to the interests of students and their problems, and the support and recognition of colleagues is important for 29%.

As for the psycho-emotional state, 88% of teachers noted that the increased sensitivity of the nervous system and an unfavorable combination of circumstances can unsettle them, and working with students takes a lot of physical and mental strength. Moreover, 18% of teachers often experience a feeling of anxiety and powerlessness, and only 6% of employees have a favorable psycho-emotional state that determines the effectiveness of their work.

In addition, self-esteem problems were found. For 65% of teachers, it significantly depended on external circumstances, the opinions of others, mood, 23% of teachers tended to belittle the importance of their personality, it was difficult for them to enter into free communication with others. And only 29% of specialists had a positive self-perception, that is, creative thinking prevailed, they were able to create an atmosphere of live communication.

Self-burning

Currently, it is customary to distinguish three main symptoms of professional self-burnout.

1. Decreased self-esteem. Employees feel helpless and apathetic. Over time, this can turn into aggression and despair, lead to a change of place of work.
2. Loneliness. People prone to emotional burnout are not able to establish normal contact either with the parents of the students, or with the children, or with other teachers and the management of the institution. They will even take any advice with hostility, not to mention the remarks about their pedagogical activity.
3. Emotional exhaustion, somatization. The fatigue, lethargy, and depression that accompany burnout can lead to severe physical ailments.

Workload, dissatisfaction with the quality of activities and, as a result, emotional breakdowns affect not only the health of the employee, but also the well-being of the children with whom he works, as well as those around him.

What to do?

Of no small importance for the development of motivation are the forms of influence on the employee, which are combined into three groups.

The first group includes request, offer and persuasion... Experience confirms that all three of these forms of influence on motivation are effective if they have clear and polite formulations, imply the right to refuse, as well as a respectful attitude towards refusal.

The second group includes orders, demands, compulsion. These forms of influence are perceived as a manifestation of power over others, which, as practice shows, leads to the subject's internal resistance. It is possible to remove the negative reaction by means of a well-thought-out reasoning of the put forward demand - then it will turn from an external stimulus into an internal one. The positive side of coercion is that it can contribute to the removal of a conflict situation at a certain period of time and the implementation of the necessary actions by the employee. It is also one of the ways to cultivate a sense of duty.

The third group of forms of exposure - emotional contamination and imitation(it most often manifests itself in young professionals). "Infection" with an emotion transmitted from a person or group to another (others) is especially clearly manifested in labor enthusiasm. The participation of teachers in the "Teacher of the Year" competition, in competitions for grants for the mayor of the city, the governor of the region, the President of the country also illustrates this form of influence.

Among ways to stimulate teachers to innovate used in educational institutions, the following can be distinguished:

1. certain types of material incentives - additional payments, bonuses;
2. improvement of the material and technical base required for work;
3. raising the category, giving the teacher free time and reducing external interference;
4. conducting competitions, seminars, open lessons.

An important role in the development of teachers' motivation is played by the stage-by-stage work of the institution's management to introduce innovative technologies into the educational process. Thus, in order for the introduction of innovations to really contribute to the finding of new ways of solving pedagogical problems, professional interaction of all participants in the educational process and purposeful work on the motivation of employees are necessary.

V.G. Shpakovsky

Journal Expert

"Supervisor

autonomous institution "

Motivation is a set of needs and their motives that determine vigorous activity in a certain direction. Motivating innovation is a set of needs and motives that induce the producer and manager to be active in the direction of the innovation process of scientific and technological progress and the sale of innovation, or, conversely, its purchase and use in the economic process.

In innovative management, motivation is considered as a set of methods for the direction of action of incentive forces (i.e. motives) to achieve a set goal. Motivation for innovation can be viewed in two aspects:

• motivation to create and sell innovations;
• motivation to buy innovation.

Any motivation has four elements, which include:

• goal;
• motives;
• factors;
• striving to achieve the goal.

Motivation to create and sell innovation

The purpose of motivating the creation and sale of innovation (Fig. 2.17) is to receive money from the sale of new products (operations) by an economic entity immediately in order to invest this money in profitable business areas, raise its image in the market, and increase its competitiveness.

Rice. 2.17. The process of motivating the creation and sale of innovations

The motive as a reason for a certain action is closely related to the need of an economic entity at a given moment in time. The main motives for creating and selling innovations are usually:

• increasing the competitiveness of their new products;
• improving your image in the market;
• capture of new markets;
• increase in the amount of cash flow;
• reducing the resource intensity of the product.

Competitiveness of a new product (or technology) means the ability of one hundred in a certain period of time to meet the demands and requirements of the market and be profitably sold if there are other similar products (or technologies) on the market.

The competitiveness of a product is determined by a set of properties that are of interest to buyers, i.e. ensuring the satisfaction of the needs of these buyers in a specific market or its link.

The competitiveness of a new product is determined by:

• conformity of product quality to established or anticipated requirements;
• lower price at the same quality level;
• consumer confidence in the supplier's capabilities not only to ensure the stability of product quality, but also to deliver on time;
• availability of fast and reliable after-sales service;
• compliance of the product with international and national standards, ensuring its compatibility, unification and interchangeability;
• advertising.

The competitiveness of a product is largely determined by the image of the manufacturer of the product (i.e. the producer) and (or) the seller of this product.

Image means the image of a business entity in the mind of a person, i.e. image is a set of associations and impressions about a business entity, which are formed in the minds of people and are associated with a specific idea.

The motives for creating and selling innovations are determined by a number of factors. The main factors are:

• 1) increased competition;
• 2) changes in the regulatory production and trade process;
• 3) improving the technology of operations;
• 4) changes in the taxation system;
• 5) achievements in the international market.

Competition (from lat. concurrentia / concurrere- collide) is an essential element of any market. Market regulators, combining with competition, form a single economic method of market management. In the innovation market, the mechanism of market management forces the producer and seller of innovations to take into account the interests and needs of the buyer. Strengthening the competitors of a given economic entity makes it take certain actions to improve its competitiveness, image and capture new markets for a product or service.

The regulatory production and trade process is a purposeful process that ensures the maintenance of the activity of an economic entity and the regulation of this activity in accordance with the norms, standards, rules and procedures established by the responsible authorities and the conditions of the market economy. The regulation of the production and trade process is conditioned by a number of laws and is based on the widespread use of various forms, methods, means and mechanisms of regulation.

Achievements in the international market are an important factor behind the emergence of innovations. During a prosperous period, investors have more free money, which at the same time gives them more reasons to offer them products and transactions than during a downturn. In an economic downturn, the focus of innovation management is on risk mitigation. In an economic recovery, other things being equal, preference is given to economic growth.

Practice shows that when there is not enough product, only one task arises - to release more high-quality given product. When there is a lot of product both in quantity and type, a very difficult problem arises: what type and in what quantity should the product be produced?

In these conditions, an important role is assigned to benchmarking and marketing. Moreover, benchmarking must be used to study the achievements not only in the international market, but also in the domestic one.

When selling innovations, the seller proceeds from the desire to satisfy the needs of the buyer and from his behavior in the market.

Motivation to buy innovation

The scheme of motivation for purchasing innovations is shown in Fig. 2.18.

The purpose of motivating the purchase of innovations is the receipt by an economic entity of funds in the future through the sale of new products or technologies purchased today.

The main reasons for buying innovation are:

• increasing the competitiveness and image of an economic entity;
• obtaining in the long term income on capital invested today.

The motives for buying innovations are determined by a number of factors, both objective and subjective.

Subjective factors include factors reflecting the interests of a particular buyer, plans and programs of his investment and financial activities, psychological abilities, professionalism of managers, etc.

Rice. 2.18.

The main objective factors are:

• 1) changes in the regulatory production and trade process:
• 2) changes in the taxation system;
• 3) achievements in the international market.

Considering the above objective factors, one can

note that they coincide with the factors motivating the creation and sale of innovations. Their actions are already based on the interests and requests of buyers.

1

The article examines the problems of effective management of innovative activities of industrial enterprises. Methodological recommendations for the formation of a motivational system of an innovatively active enterprise are offered. The authors define the features of certain types of motivation in relation to the innovative activities of enterprises. At the same time, internal motivation is distinguished, which implies incentive forces and actions formed within the enterprise, and external motivation as a set of factors acting outside the enterprise, but purposefully or indirectly affecting its activities. The work defines the main functions to be performed by the motivation system. A special role is given to the analysis and assessment of the competitive advantages of an enterprise in a market environment, which can be performed using the methods of strategic analysis. The concept of motivation for innovative activity proposed by the authors during its implementation will ensure the effective use of the innovative potential of the enterprise.

motivation for innovation

innovation activity

innovation

1. Barancheev VP, Maslennikova NP, Mishin VM Management of innovations. - M .: Yurayt, 2012.

2. Vasyukhin OV, Pavlova EA Problems of activating the innovative activity of organizations // Third St. Petersburg Congress "Professional education, science, innovation in the XXI century": a collection of works. - SPb .: SPbGUITMO, 2009.

3. Vasyukhin OV, Pavlova EA Development of the innovative potential of an industrial enterprise. - M .: Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, 2010.

4. Vasyukhin OV, Pavlova EA Strategy for the formation and development of the innovative potential of an industrial enterprise // Scientific and technical bulletin of St. Petersburg State University ITMO. - St. Petersburg: SPbGU ITMO, 2010. - Issue. 2 (66). - S. 113-120.

5. Deineka AV, Zhukov BM Modern trends in personnel management. - M .: Publishing house "Academy of Natural Sciences", 2009.

6. Petrov V. V. Theories of motivation. - M .: Publishing House "Equilibrium", 2005.

7. Fatkhutdinov RA Innovative management. - SPb .: Peter, 2008.

8. Shamina LK Theoretical aspects of the functioning of innovation processes. - SPb .: Nauka, 2008.

Introduction

Ensuring the innovative growth of the economy of the Russian Federation is today the most urgent task, on the solution of which innovative-active industrial enterprises are guided. When studying the issues of innovation management, selection and implementation of innovative strategies at the enterprise, it is necessary to take into account the motivational aspects of innovation at the enterprise.

Based on the terminology generally accepted in world practice, it can be briefly determined that innovation is an innovation (product and / or process) that can be commercially successful. In turn, innovation activity is the process of creating (obtaining, using) new knowledge and transforming it into innovation.

Hence, it becomes clear that innovation (as opposed to, for example, current operating activities) is a complex, future-oriented and costly activity with an insufficiently predictable result for any industrial enterprise.

At the same time, additional entrepreneurial risks appear (the innovation did not bring the expected commercial result, due to various circumstances, the timing of the creation of the innovation and its introduction to the market significantly increased, the future state of the business environment was not accurately predicted, etc.), which in itself serves as an additional obstacle to enhance innovation. Therefore, most Russian enterprises prefer to live in the present day, providing their business needs mainly through current operating activities.

In order to reverse this position, a powerful motive is needed, which will allow enterprise managers to independently come to an understanding of the need to develop innovative potential and its effective use. Such a motive should clearly show that if nothing is done today and tomorrow, then the day after tomorrow this enterprise can cease to exist as an independent business unit.

In accordance with the classical concepts of general management theory, it is customary to distinguish between two types of motivation - internal and external. At the same time, intrinsic motivation implies incentive forces and actions that are formed within the system itself (in this case, the enterprise). Extrinsic motivation is a set of factors acting outside the system, but purposefully and / or indirectly affecting this system so that it develops in the right direction.

With regard to the problems considered in this article, intrinsic motivation is the stimulation of employees of an enterprise in the field of activating all kinds of creative activity, which can subsequently become the basis of any innovative projects. The so-called "quality circles" in Japan or the movement of rationalizers in the USSR can serve as a clear example of this approach.

The forms of internal motivation can be very diverse: from the creation of formal (informal) groups (organizational units), the function of which is innovation, up to the introduction of special incentive systems for employees of the enterprise for participation in innovative activities.

As for external motivation, then, as a rule, the state and its activities in the field of transition to an innovative economy in Russia are considered the main motivator.

At the same time, many researchers of the state and prospects for the development of innovative activity in modern Russia agree that the main limiting factor in this area is the lack or insufficient funding from the state, from regional authorities, from investors and, ultimately , lack of funds for the development of innovation at the enterprise itself. In other words, it is assumed that obtaining sufficient, additional financial resources (or other preferences) from any sources is a significant motive (sometimes the only effective incentive) for the deployment and activation of innovative activities in an industrial enterprise.

Of course, this argument is relevant for the current unstable development of the Russian economy. At the same time, the authors believe that along with the actually available external financial resources, there are other, more significant incentives that can force the management of enterprises to pay serious attention to innovation.

Let's turn to the classic definition of the concept of "motivation".

From the point of view of management theory, motivation is the process of motivating people to business activity to achieve personal goals, as well as the goal of organizing .

In general, the motivation system should fulfill three main functions :

1) planning (substantiation of the substantive characteristics of existing needs, identification of dominant needs and their ranking, analysis of factors leading to a change in the content and structure of needs, analysis of the relationship between needs and incentives, planning goals and methods of motivation, choosing a specific organizational method of motivation);

2) implementation (creation of organizational and economic conditions aimed at meeting needs, justifying incentives for achieving the required results, ensuring that all stakeholders of the enterprise have confidence in achieving the goals set, creating an impression of the high significance of the goals set);

3) control (comparison of the achieved results of activity with the required ones, adjustment of motivational incentives, development of system responses to external and internal random disturbances).

The creation of a motivation system at the enterprise will also provide the necessary motivation for work, that is, stimulation of employees of the enterprise to be actively involved in achieving the established goals through the satisfaction of their own needs.

Hence, motivation is a set of incentives that will force the management of the enterprise to seriously engage in innovative activities and, first of all, the formation of effective innovative potential.

The main motivational stimulus, according to the authors, can be emerging (clearly existing) tendencies towards the loss of competitive advantages by the enterprise and a decrease in the defining economic indicators below the threshold values.

At the same time, it is advisable to use certain methods of strategic analysis of its economic portfolio as a methodological basis for solving issues of motivation for the deployment and / or activation of innovative activities at an enterprise. Regular application in practice of any of these methods will show not only the distribution of various types of businesses in terms of their strategic importance, but also show what will happen to the enterprise in the future, if you do not develop innovative activities in a specific direction.

The criterion basis for making decisions in the field of innovative activity in one direction or another can be the results of a trend analysis of the strategic and economic indicators of an enterprise's activity (for example, market share, the level of competitiveness of goods and the enterprise itself, sales volume, the level of profitability, etc.) for a statistically significant period of time.

The creation of an adequate system of motivation for the innovative activity of the enterprise, taking into account the peculiarities of the impact of both internal and external environmental factors, will ensure sustainable development and effective use of the innovative potential of the enterprise and create conditions that encourage all participants in innovative activity to productive cooperation.

Reviewers:

Golubev A.A., Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head. Department of Financial Management, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg.

Smirnov S.B., Doctor of Economics, Head. Department of Economic Theory and Business, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg.

Bibliographic reference

O. V. Vasyukhin, E. A. Pavlova BASES OF MOTIVATION INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE // Modern problems of science and education. - 2013. - No. 4 .;
URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=9477 (date of access: 02/01/2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the "Academy of Natural Sciences"

Question 1. Motives for innovation in organizations.

Question 2. Economic interests in innovation.

Question 3. The main goals and principles of the state scientific and technical policy.

Question 3. The main forms of state support for scientific and innovative activities.

Question 4. The main functions of government agencies.

Question 1. Motives for innovation in organizations.

The main motive for initiating innovative processes in an enterprise is obtaining additional competitive advantages, which include:

1. Strategic benefits:

Creation of a favorable business reputation in the eyes of consumers, potential partners, investors;

Increase in production efficiency through modernization and renovation of production facilities;

Ensuring the development of the enterprise through the expansion of sales markets and diversification of activities.

2. Increase in the profitability of the enterprise due to:

Temporary monopolization of the market and the possibility of obtaining super-profits from the implementation of radical new products;

Improving the quality and competitiveness of products;

Increasing the market share of the product.

3. Reducing the costs of economic activities due to:

Business restructuring;

Reducing non-productive costs;

Saving energy and raw materials through the introduction of saving technologies;

Cost savings due to the use of secondary raw materials;

Reducing the number of rejects.

4. Special benefits and perks:

Information and legal support from the state and private structures;

Preferential taxation;

Concessional lending.

Question 2. Economic interests in innovation.

Innovative activity depends on the economic conditions set by the market. The innovations are interconnected with the market as follows:

On the one hand, the direction of innovation is mainly determined by the market situation, which characterizes the current state of the industry and its development trends; at the same time, a decrease in demand for scientific and technical products reduces the innovative activity of enterprises;

On the other hand, innovations are actively shaping not only the supply of a new product, but also the demand, changing the market situation.

The innovation realm is the area where innovators, innovators and investors interact.

Thus, the innovation space is made up of three constituent elements that determine supply and demand:

1) the market of innovations (innovations);

2) the market for innovative entrepreneurship;

3) investment market.

1. Market of innovations form innovative projects that need funding and implementation.

The supply on the market of innovations is formed by the following subjects of innovation activity:

Research institutes and universities,

Small innovative firms,

Individual inventors.

Innovative projects offered on the innovation market may be at different stages of development:

Applied research;

Prototype;

An innovative product mastered in production.

The price of an innovation is determined by the commercializability of the innovation, which depends on the degree of development, as well as practical and commercial significance.

Innovation turns into innovation as a result of practical use.

2. Market for innovative entrepreneurship form companies that implement and use innovations and know-how.

These include implementation firms that promote innovations in the market, as well as consumers who apply innovations in their activities.

3. Investment market form the sources of capital used to finance innovation processes.

The subjects of investment in innovative activities are corporations, banks, investment funds, private capital, the state, and the population.

The peculiarity of financing innovation processes is:

Potentially, it is possible to multiply the invested capital;

High risk of loss of investment investments.

To reduce risks, a detailed analysis of the prospects and usefulness of the future innovative product is carried out, as well as mechanisms for the return of provided investments and risk management are used.

Accounting