According to the subject of labor (what a person works with), means of labor (what tools or machines he uses), working conditions, labor goals, all professions can be attributed to one type or another. Considering such a typology, in accordance with each profession, you can put some code, or a profile - that is, by what criterion it belongs to what type. Then you can create for yourself the "ideal formula of the profession", the preferred means of labor and the object of labor. Thus, it will not be difficult for yourself to determine which profession is suitable for you and which is not.
Any profession for each of the bases of the line can be attributed either to one of the types or to several. The rows indicate the reasons for the classification - and the corresponding types of occupations.
1. Depending on subject of labor All professions are usually divided into five types.
In fact, this is a rough division. This division is suitable for professions in which one of the five objects of labor is clearly traced. Psychologists determine for each profession which object of labor is closer to it, what a person mainly deals with in the labor process, and there can be three objects of labor that characterize the profession. Such an assessment will make it possible to distinguish professions within a group, determining the secondary object of labor for this profession.
"CH E L O V E K - P R I R O D A"
Professions: livestock specialist, cynologist, master livestock breeder, seed grower, agronomist, laboratory assistant for chemical and bacteriological analysis and others.
Of the professions of this type, there are professions for which the subject of labor will be:
· plants
· animals
microorganisms
Such professions are related to the food industry, medicine, agriculture, and scientific research in the field of biology and geography. Some interest in nature, no matter how strange it may seem, should have a hotel and tourism manager, a psychologist ...
Such a division does not mean at all that all human labor is directed only at the mentioned objects of labor. For example, plant growers use different techniques, work in a team, conduct an economic assessment of their work. But still, the main subject of concern and attention of plant growers are plants and their environment.
On the other hand, if you choose a profession of the "man-nature" type, it is very important to find out your attitude to nature: as a place of rest or as your workplace, where you will give your strength to production.
When choosing a profession, one more thing should be taken into account. The peculiarity of biological objects of labor lies in their complexity, variability (according to their internal laws), non-standard. Animals, plants, microorganisms grow, develop, live, get sick and even die. The worker must not only know a lot about living organisms, but also anticipate possible changes in them, which are sometimes irreversible. A person must possess such qualities as independence in decision-making, foresight, initiative, caring.
"CH E L O B E K - T E H N I C A"
Professions: carpenter, sinker, metallurgical technician, architect, mechanical engineer, radio mechanic, electrician, builder, telecommunications specialist, computer assembler and others.
Naturally, here the work of workers is directed not only to technology, but still the main subject of professional attention is technical objects and their properties.
Professions associated with the extraction and processing of soils and rocks;
professions related to the processing and use of non-metallic industrial materials, semi-finished products, products;
professions in the production and processing of metals, mechanical assembly, installation of machines and devices;
professions related to the repair, maintenance, adjustment of technological machines, vehicles, installations;
Professions related to the installation, repair of buildings, structures, structures;
Professions related to the assembly, installation, repair, adjustment, maintenance of instruments, apparatus, electrical equipment;
Occupations in which transport and lifting means are used and managed;
Professions in the processing of agricultural products.
In the process of processing, moving, transforming or evaluating technical means, the employee must be accurate, he is required to perform certain actions. Since technical objects are always developed by man himself, there are many opportunities for innovation, technical creativity, and invention in the technical world. In addition to a creative approach in the matter of technology, a high level of performing discipline is also required from a person.
"CH E L O V E K - CH E L O V E K"
The leading subject of labor in this category of professions are people.
Professions: teacher, psychologist, doctor, tour guide, hairdresser, head of an artistic group, manager and others.
These types of jobs include:
professions in training and education, in organizing and managing children's groups;
Professions in production management, management of people and teams;
Professions in consumer and trade services;
information service professions;
Professions in information and artistic service to people and leadership of artistic groups;
health care professions.
To work successfully in professions of this category, you need to be sociable, be able to communicate with people and maintain contacts, be able to understand people, understand their characteristics, and also gain knowledge in the relevant field of production, science and art.
Qualities that are important in the job:
good stable mood in the course of working with people;
The need for constant communication
the ability to understand the mood of people, their intentions, thoughts;
the ability to understand people's relationships;
Ability to communicate with different people and find a common language with them.
"H E L O V E K - Z N A C O V E S T E M S"
Professions: engineer, draftsman, translator, secretary-typist, topographer, programmer and others.
The group of professions of the type "man - sign systems" includes:
Professions related to office work, paperwork, transcoding, text analysis and their transformation;
Professions related to numbers and quantitative relations;
Professions for processing information presented in the form of schematic images of objects or in the form of a system of conventional signs.
For successful work in one of the professions of the “man - sign system” type, you need to have special abilities to immerse yourself in the world of dry designations, be able to distract yourself from the outside world and focus on the information contained in the signs. When processing information represented by conventional signs, it will be necessary to solve the problems of verification, control, processing, accounting, information, as well as work on the creation of new signs and sign systems.
"H E L O V E K - H U D J E S T V E N N Y O R A Z"
Professions People: artist, designer, entertainer, musician, literary worker, stone carver.
The group of professions of the type "man - artistic image" combines:
Professions related to visual or musical activities;
Professions of a literary and artistic orientation;
professions of acting and stage activity.
A distinctive feature of professions such as "a person is an artistic image" is that most of the labor costs are hidden from an outside observer. In addition, special efforts are often made to create the effect of ease and lightness of the end result of labor.
2. Depending on working conditions All professions are divided into four groups:
· Work in the conditions of a normal microclimate (domestic) - engineer, assistant secretary, accountant, programmer;
· Work in the open air, where sudden changes in temperature and humidity are possible - agronomist, field grower, fireman, builder;
· Work in unusual conditions: under water, in the air, underground, at height, in hot shops and shops with hazardous production - diver, miner, apparatchik, pilot;
· Work with increased moral responsibility for the life and health of people, for material and social values - a doctor, teacher, auditor, safety engineer.
3. By means of labor professions are divided into four categories:
professions where manual labor is used - a surgeon, jeweler, carpenter, musician, radio equipment installer;
Professions where manual machines are used - a machinist, a driver, a telecom operator, a turner;
professions where automatic machines, semi-automatic machines, robotic complexes, automatic lines are used - an apparatchik, a printer, a power system manager, a steelmaker;
professions where functional means of labor are used - conductor, actor, teacher, athlete, director.
4. Depending on labor goals There are three groups of professions:
Gnostic: to distinguish, check, evaluate, recognize - controller, sanitary doctor, merchandiser, investigator, literary critic, expert;
· transforming: transform, move, organize, process - teacher, painter, driver, tailor, locksmith, parquet floorer;
· surveying: come up with, design, invent, find a new option - graphic designer, marker, cutter, breeder.
Job formula example : Lawyer
The subject of labor: PERSON - a lawyer serves people, helps in solving their problems, analyzes them, communicates with people; SIGN SYSTEMS - a lawyer reads and analyzes documents, collections of laws, reference books, statistical data.
Working conditions: WITH INCREASED MORAL RESPONSIBILITY - for the life and honor of a person; HOUSEHOLD - in the case when it is a lawyer-investigator, when a police officer, then in the open air.
Means of labor: FUNCTIONAL - language, facial expressions, gestures, own brains; sometimes AUTOMATED - using a computer.
Labor goals: GNOSTIC - determine which class of situations the client's case belongs to, determine, recognize the cause, classify, sort; EXPLORATION - evidence, find a way to present information, find a way to better protect the defendant.
Psychologists can make an ideal formula for a profession for you with the help of tests. You are asked a series of questions and as a result of the analysis, your preferred means of labor for the chosen professional activity are revealed. Psychologists formulate professions on the basis of professiograms (descriptions of professions, tasks solved in the process of labor activity, requirements of the profession to human qualities). You can use existing computer systems to create your ideal formula. Such services can be provided to you in career guidance centers and psychological support centers, as well as in computer psychological testing centers. But it is always better to be able to analyze the profession yourself - then your choice will really be conscious. You will understand what attracts you to any profession (for example, the profession of a theoretical physicist - exploration goals, the profession of a stuntman - unusual conditions).
In the last article, I listed. And today I want to tell you about professions that are not only unusual, but also have very strange incomprehensible names, by which it is not immediately possible to guess what the essence of the specialty is. Hope you find it interesting! So, let's begin:
1. Stringer.
Sounds like a piece of lingerie. But, in fact, a stringer is a correspondent who has to work in a war zone in extreme conditions.
2. Torcedoros.
Torcedoros
A person who rolls cigars.
3. Remuor.
Rimming Specialist. A person who turns wine bottles daily so that the sediment settles on the cork.
The work of the remuor and degorger
4. Degorger.
This profession is also associated with the production of wine. Such a specialist should be able to quickly uncork a bottle that is neck down (which has already been turned over by the remuor), so that carbon dioxide and sediment can escape, then very quickly turn the bottle over and cork it back.
5. Pizeiolo
Pizza chef.
pizzaiolo
Seller, wine specialist.
7. Postiger.
A person who makes wigs from human hair. One wig takes about a month. Very painstaking work.
postiger
8. Hotelier
A specialist who communicates with hotel guests, talks about the hotel, offers additional services, monitors safety in the hotel, and plans the development of the hotel.
9. Valveologist.
A person concerned with the preservation of human health.
10. Acquisitor.
Sounds like an inquisitor. But, in fact, this is an ordinary insurance worker.
11. Underwriter
Also an insurance worker.
12. Futurist
As the name implies, this is a person who predicts the future.
Futurologist
13. Conflictologist
A person who resolves disputes and conflicts.
14. Web gardener.
This is a specialist who maintains sites in order. Monitors the appearance of the site, updates it, removes broken links.
15. Ethical hacker.
It is the responsibility of such a person to arrange attacks on the own websites of the company in which he works in order to find weaknesses in the system.
16. Life coach.
A very popular profession today. A life coach is a consultant on various life issues and situations. Life coaching helps to make life more interesting, richer and more efficient.
Quiz "GUESS THE PROFESSION"
(7-8 grades)
The choice of profession is ahead of you. But many of you, for sure, have already thought about this problem. To find your favorite job, you must first of all know well what kind of work there is in the world. There are more than 40 thousand professions in the world. But even this huge figure is far from certain. And not only because life does not stand still and all the time some old professions die off, and new ones appear, but also because people still have not agreed among themselves on what to consider as a separate profession or specialty, but that just a kind of this or that work. The sea of professions is boundless. This is our conversation today.
Warm up
All professions, as you know, are usually divided into 5 categories depending on the type of relationship between a person and an object of action:
- "man - nature",
- "man - man"
- "man - technology",
- "man - an artistic image",
- “man is a sign system”.
Task: the named profession must be correctly correlated with one of the listed types (professions are already divided into groups, the leader calls them randomly)
“Man is an artistic image”: sculptor, artist, art historian, engraver, tailor, glass blower, potter, parquet floorer, photographer, composer, artist, conductor.
"Man - nature": geologist, blaster, meteorologist, topographer, master cheese maker, baker, forester, ecologist, microbiologist, livestock specialist.
"Man - technology": an electrician, an excavator driver, an erector of reinforced concrete structures, a plumber, a fitter, a carpenter, a minder-helmsman, a pilot, a driver.
"Man - man": secretary, conductor of a passenger car, waiter, hairdresser, guide-interpreter, lawyer, district inspector, legal adviser, doctor, teacher.
"Man - a sign system": programmer, economist, pharmacist, radio operator, stenographer, draftsman, civil aviation navigator, mathematician.
professional dictionary
Determine which professions the word groups belong to.
Pattern, fabric, cutting, suit, scissors, atelier (tailor)
Drawing, project, plan, city, harmony, blueprint, structures, buildings, construction (architect)
Workbench, planer, furniture, machine tool, wood, workshop (carpenter)
Make-up, theatre, stage, audience, applause (artist)
Game, walk, sleep, visual aids, round dance, matinee, nursery (teacher for children)
Book, fund, catalogs, erudition, knowledge, silence, readers-users (librarian)
Newspaper, news, people, efficiency, facts, editorial staff (correspondent, journalist)
Telephone, cable, PBX station, subscribers, equipment, communications (telecommunications engineer)
Land, field, greenhouse, varieties, grain, care, fertilizers, harvest (agronomist)
Study, description, terrain, maps, scales, tripod, shooting, expeditions, eye (topographer)
Proverb competition.
What profession are these proverbs and sayings talking about?
A) soldier
Take care of your native land, like a beloved mother.
To live is to serve the motherland.
For your homeland, do not spare either strength or life.
B) blacksmith:
Hard on the hammer, hard on the anvil.
Strike while the iron is hot.
It’s not fire that heats iron, but fur.
What you put in the cauldron is what you take out.
Undersalted on the table, oversalted on the back.
You won't spoil the porridge with butter.
An old disease is difficult to treat.
Sick - heal, healthy - beware.
Not the patient is fastidious - pain.
D) a grain grower:
Mow, spit, while dew. Down with the dew, and we are home.
Whoever is friends with agricultural technology does not grieve about the harvest.
Reap - do not doze off.
Who's doing what
Guess the profession from the description.
Lomonosov’s words belong to the workers of this profession: “... there is space in the bowels of the earth, and nature reigns richly ... Metals and minerals will not come into the yard themselves - they require eyes and hands for their mine.” High medical requirements are imposed on people of this profession, since they are forced to stay deep underground during the entire work shift. (miner, miner)
Wherever residential buildings, industrial buildings, etc. are being built, openwork booms of load-lifting devices rise. Their height reaches 50 meters or more, and their carrying capacity is several tens of tons. Here is what one of the professionals says about his work: “A real ace of our business can lower a multi-ton detail onto a matchbox with such accuracy that he does not even hesitate. It is necessary to be equally able to submit both the load and the jar of water - to get drunk to the installers. I place the load with a deviation of plus or minus 5 cm. Of course, such accuracy does not come immediately, it takes a lot of practice and a desire to achieve a high level of skill” (Crane Operator)
The word itself is firmly entrenched in our vocabulary, although it came from the West. Originally, the word meant the ability to drive around horses and rule them. In modern English, the word literally means "guiding people". The functions of this profession change with the development of science, technology, and production. Today these are the functions of planning, organization and control. The presence of knowledge in the field of management, economics, law, psychology and the ability to apply them in life is what is required of a modern specialist in this profession. (Manager)
This is the main face of the stock exchange, which is an intermediary in trade transactions. A person of this profession must know everything about securities. Of fundamental importance in determining professional suitability are such personality traits as emotional balance, a high degree of adaptability, since this is one of the most stressful professions. (Dealer)
People of this profession are the first to arrive at the crime scene, they know everything about fingerprints and handwriting of a person. Any specialist in this profession knows that a man has a step length of 65-90 cm, and for women and the elderly 50-70; and if the step length is a meter or more, then the person is running. (criminalist)
Translated from English, this profession indicates the design, creation of industrial products. A person of this profession must be technically trained and have a developed artistic taste. But this is not the most important thing. The main thing is that a representative of this profession should treat the world of things as a transformer. Currently, the English version of the name of this profession is better known. We call such a person an artist-designer. (Designer)
At present, this profession has gained particular popularity in Russia. Unlike European countries, in our country it is not difficult to get this profession. But in France, for example, who wants to get this profession is subjected to a serious exam. One of the main stages of the exam are psychological tests. Their task is to establish the personal qualities of the subject: the degree of activity, the ability to maintain self-control and composure. Through cross-questions, his upbringing, courtesy, etc., are clarified. candidates write essays about their future profession, according to which the examiners judge the mental abilities of the examinee, the level of his spiritual culture. One final clue: this profession deals with valuables and money. (Salesman)
Guess the melody.
Green-eyed taxi.
There is a soldier in the city.
An artist who paints rain.
A flight attendant named Jeanne.
Three tankers.
Accountant.
Active participants of the quiz receive prizes.
"Dictionary":
| Word-subject | Action Word | Sign word: |
| hWorker, builder, shoemaker; hammer, saw, axe, nail, nut, screw, shovel, rake, screwdriver, watering can, broom, needle, thread, scissors, knife, comb, syringe, bandage, medicine, thermometer; labor, work. * Painter, welder, mechanic, electrician, rescuer, photographer, artist, musician, poet, writer, actor, craftsman, profession; planer, tongs, key, crowbar. Q Bricklayer, engineer, cashier, tour guide, composer, journalist, specialist; machine, computer. | h Build , paint, saw, chop, to fix , repair , twist, unscrew, score, try, save, work , work hard. * Planing, glazing, welding, laying, spreading, issuing, drawing, fixing, teach, manage, photograph. Q Compose, write, study, serve. | h Smart , kind, attentive , difficult, required , necessary, quick . *Skillful knowledgeable, perceptive, careful , dexterous , useful, famous, best. Q Demanding, hardworking, patient, persistent, experienced, educated, observant. Adverbs: skillfully,diligently,carefully, harmoniously, exactly, smooth , directly , slowly |
“We are watching. Telling":
1. "We describe." We describe the professions according to the plan:
"We describe." We describe the tools according to the plan:
2. “Who/what? What is he doing? Which?". We make a table about professions with the words of the game “Describe”.
"Who what? What is he doing? Which?". We make a table about the tools with the words of the game “Describe”.
"We play":
1. "Magic glasses". Consider the plot picture G-20 and name ...
2. "Listen - do it."(ü) - pause for reflection, repetition and execution of the command.
3. "Lump" We straighten the "lump" with:
i - ribs of the palm of two hands, from the side of the index finger (fingers are tightly pressed against each other and motionless).
* - fingertips (fingers tightly pressed to each other and motionless).
Q - ribs of the palm of two hands, from the little finger side (fingers are tightly pressed to each other and motionless).
4. "Say the opposite."
5. "Say it differently." We play with all the highlighted words of the dictionary.
6. “Suitable – not suitable because…”
7. "Superfluous, because ..."(A-25)
i - Doctor (1), syringe, thermometer. * - Teacher, vegetables (3), autumn (2), vegetable (1), vegetable grower.
Screwdriver, hammer, builder (1). - Cook, teacher, school (2), driver (3), summer (1).
Q - Morning (1), hairdresser (2), scissors, comb, hair dryer (3).
Vegetable grower (3), livestock breeder, doctor (2), village (1), milkmaid.
Screwdriver (3), Truck, Excavator, Carpenter (2), Locksmith (1), Airplane (4).
8. "I - we - do not."(IN 2)
i knife - knives - knives: * sharp knife - sharp knives - sharp knives;
Q my sharp knife - our sharp knives - our sharp knives.
9. "Change the word, answer the questions." Playing with words:
i- saw, master; * - tool, profession; Q - accountant, training.
10. "Count it."(AT 8)
i 1 my doctor, 2 my doctors, 3 my doctors 5 my doctors.
1 is my seamstress, 2 is my seamstress, 3 is my seamstress, 4 is my seamstress, 5 is my seamstress.
* - 1 knowledgeable doctor, 3 knowledgeable doctors, 5 knowledgeable doctors.
1 young seamstress, 3 young seamstresses, 5 young seamstresses.
Q - 1 my knowledgeable doctor, 3 my knowledgeable doctors, 5 my knowledgeable doctors.
1 young skilled seamstress, 3 young skilled seamstresses, 5 young skilled seamstresses.
11. "Words-relatives."(AT 9).
Root words: i - master, watch; * - profession, repair; Q- library, stone.
12. "What, more, the most."(IN 1).
i The teacher is young, and the student is the most .... (young).
The shovel is sharp, and the knife is the most ... (sharp).
The student has a wide brush, and the painter has the most ... (wide).
* The teacher is young, and the student is still ... (younger).
The shovel is sharp, and the scissors are even ... (sharper).
The student's brush is wide, and the artist's is even ... (wider).
Q The teacher is young, the student is still ... (younger), and the student is the most .... (young).
The shovel is sharp, the scissors are even ... (sharper), and the knife is the most ... (sharp).
The student's brush is wide, the artist's is even ... (wider), and the painter's is the most ... (wide).
Confusion".
i The excavator controls the excavator. * My dad works as a chauffeur.
The painter paints the wall with scissors. Forester take care of animals and trees in the forest.
Q My aunt is a doctor at a children's clinic.
I help dad make kitchen furniture.
Unravel the words by removing the extra syllable: Mapaljar, teacher, Swedish, shorofer, podavar
fourteen. . "Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose?" + "Family".(B-5.1). Playing with vocabulary words.
hammer saw drill tools
daddy's daddy's daddy's daddy's
15. "Sing" Learning the letter "Sh".
16. "Pick a word for the symbol."
Modeling"
19. "Composing" We play by set
20. "We guess." We play with the words of the game "Describe".
“We compose. Remember":
1. h Postman
Who brings us newspapers
And greetings from your grandmother?
The postman brings them.
He walks with a thick bag.
(V. Stepanov)
h So that we are healthy,
All the sounds were made
Who takes care of us?
Speech therapists - this is the time
Masseurs, nurse
And, of course, doctors.
(N. Nishcheva)
* Bricklayer
In the alley a house grows
The mason lays the walls.
With him is an assistant - a trowel,
Trowel - spatula.
The house will be built on time
The masonry will be strong.
(V.Stepanov)
Q Everything for everyone
Bricklayer builds houses
The dress is the work of a tailor,
But the tailor has to work
Somewhere without a warm shelter!
The bricklayer would be naked
If skillful hands
Didn't make it in time
Apron and jacket and trousers.
Baker to shoemaker by the deadline
Instructs to sew boots.
Well, a shoemaker without bread
How much will he sew, grind?
So it goes like this:
Everything we do is necessary.
So let's work
Honest, diligent and friendly!
(Yu. Tuwim)
2. h Put dexterous two hands
heels on shoes,
And heel heels -
Also the work of these hands
(shoemaker )
h All of me is made of iron,
I have no legs or arms.
I'm climbing on the board
And for me everything is here and there!
(nail)
* His coming
Everyone is glad
When in the kitchen
(plumber )
* Business, artisan,
He made a chair with me:
Not a minute was silent
It kept knocking, knocking, knocking.
(a hammer)
Q I'll sit under my arm
And I'll tell you what to do:
Or I'll lay you in bed
Or let me walk.
(thermometer )
Q What does this eye not look at-
All pictures will be sent.
(camera)
3. h At the machine he is days and nights,
He knows everything, he...
(worker)(No. 13, p. 19)
h He brings letters to the house,
Long-awaited...
(postman)(№13,21)
*Children's songs couplets
They compose us...
(poets)(No. 13, p. 23)
* Boots lame helper,
Heels will beat ...
(shoemaker)(№13,23)
Q The whole sheet is written in quick handwriting -
An essay in the newspaper scribbles ...
(journalist ) (No. 13, p. 23)
Q Sleep and rest are forgotten,
The song is written...
(composer)(№13,22)
4. They brought new scissors to the hairdresser. The scissors were shiny and beautiful, and all the old barber's tools envied them and feared that they would quickly be replaced by these scissors. But....
Dad left a toolbox in the kitchen. They liked it there and they decided to stay in the kitchen forever. Since the tools deteriorate without work, they began to look for work ...
5. 1. Look at picture D-20. Work with her according to the algorithm.
2. h Name 2 - 3 more tools that are suitable for each profession. * What do you think, are there only female and only male professions? Q What is the most important profession?
3. Why do people say: h The work of the master is afraid. * If you want to eat kalachi, don't sit on the stove.
Q The work of the master praises.
Topic 31. "Victory Day"
"Dictionary":
| Object words | Action words | Sign words: |
| h War,world,victory,army; defender, hero , enemy , soldier, commander; award, memorial, help. * motherland , holiday fireworks, parade, offensive, battle, defeat, congratulations, care; warrior , fighter, veteran, winner; border, fortress; medal, order; weapon, fire, wound. Q Enemy, traitor, spy, volunteer, partisan; general, marshal, officer; front, rear; courage heroism, courage, fearlessness; triumph, eternal flame, Fatherland, Fatherland . | h Fight, win, protect , remember, congratulate. * advance, fight, rid, conquer, fight, reward, thank. Q Honor (memory), praise , be proud, salute, wish. | h Old, scary, bold , strong , military. * Brave , combat, wounded, eternal. Q Great, domestic, festive , solemn, brave, valiant. Adverbs: Joyfully, fearlessly, desperately forever |
“We are watching. Telling":
1. "We describe." We talk about the heroism and courageous defenders of the Fatherland during the Great Patriotic War and about the events of the war years according to the plan:
2. “Who? What? What is he doing? Which?". We fill in the table.
i - holiday, hero; * - salute, parade; Q fortress, partisan.
"We play":
1. "Do it, please."(ü) - pause for reflection, repetition, command execution
2. "Katalochka". With the fingers of the left hand, roll the pencil along the right hand 10-15 times:
i - all fingers in order, starting with the thumb;
* - all fingers in order from the little finger to the big one, without stopping when changing movement;
Q - fingers in order: 1, 3, 5, 4, 2.
3. "Say the opposite." We play with all the underlined words in the dictionary.
4. "Say it differently." We play with all the underlined words in the dictionary.
5. “Suitable – not suitable because…”
6. "Superfluous, because ..."(A-31)
i - Soldier (1), tank, plane. * - Remember (2), give, reward, tanker (1).
Salute (1), warrior, officer. - Brave, courageous, officer (3), soldier (1), young (2).
Q - Veteran (3), combat (1), automatic, tank (4), pistol, spring (2).
Shoots (4), advances, attacks, war (1), draws (3), thinks (2).
7. "I - we - do not."(IN 2). Playing with vocabulary words.
i veteran - veterans - veterans;
* familiar veteran - familiar veterans - familiar veterans;
Q my familiar veteran - our familiar veterans - our familiar veterans.
8. "Change the word, answer the questions." Playing with words:
i- peace, army; * - veteran, order; Q - triumph, winner.
9. "There is - was - will be"(AT 4).
* flowers (seedlings) (bouquet for a veteran)
battle (enemy advance) (enemy retreat)
Q victory (war) (holiday)
holiday (preparation for the holiday) (remembrance of the holiday)
10. "Count"(AT 8).
11. "Words are relatives."(AT 9).
i - victory, hero; * - fight, shoot; Q- defense, war.
12. "How - more."(IN 1).
i, * , Q The battle lasts a long time, and the war is still ... (longer).
In peacetime, it is difficult to defend the country, and during the war even ... (more difficult).
The soldier aims quickly, and the sniper still ... (faster).
Confusion".
i Victory Day is an important holiday * Grandfather Petin fight the war on
War brings grief to people. He receives many awards.
Q We watch the parade of veterans of Victory Day
Giving veterans children gifts and flowers.
14. “Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose?" + "Family".(B-5.2). (with words that make sense)
medal order congratulations awards
grandpa grandpa grandpa grandpa
Folded words"
long + wait, order + wear; *, Q military + field, duty, sea, air.
16. "Sing." We learn the letters "Y", "E", "Yo", "I", "Yu".
17. "Pick a word for the symbol." Symbols - word-object, word-action, word-sign and symbol of prepositions
Modeling"
20. "Composing". We play on the set F - 9 with prepositions
| i - over | * - before, with | Q - with, to |
tables:
1. Soldier, tank, plane.
2. Salute, warrior, officer.
3. Remember, give, reward, tanker.
4. Brave, courageous, officer, soldier, young.
5. Veteran, combat, machine gun, tank, pistol, spring.
6. Shooting, advancing, attacking, war, drawing, thinking.
7. Winner, artilleryman, border guard, tank, parachute, May.
“We compose. Remember":
1. h My grandpa
On my grandfather's chest
Orders, medals.
Them at the front grandfather
They gave it for courage.
My grandfather is invited
Visiting Kindergarten.
Grandpa accepts
Festive parade.
(Yu. Kapotov)
* Victory
The war ended with victory
Those years are behind us.
Burning medals of the Order
Many on the chest.
Who wears the military order
For heroic deeds in battle
And who - for the feat of labor
In your native land.
(S. Mikhalkov)
Q Ninth of May
happy parents,
Children and grandfathers
Proud holiday
Our Victory.
On this joyful day
Peace and light
Spring sun
The earth is warm.
festive morning
Nobody forgot
put flowers
At the soldiers' graves.
(G. Vieru)
2 .hNot a tractor, but with caterpillars,
Not a fortress, but with a tower,
Not a gun, but with a muzzle.
(tank )
*Without fins, among the depths
The iron dolphin swims.
(Submarine)
Q He is sent to a foreign country,
All your secrets will be known...
(spy)
3. h All the soldiers stood in a row,
It starts….
(parade).
* She brings a lot of trouble
Evil, scary...
(war).
QThunder roared, merry thunder,
It sparkled all around!
Rushing into the sky relentlessly
colorful fountains,
Splashes of light pour everywhere!
This is a festive...
(salute ) (№8,244)
4. Petya listened to the stories of his grandfather-front-line soldier about the war. And he really dreamed of saving someone, protecting him. Once, while playing in the yard, Petya saw a crying baby.
Seryozha read in a book that service dogs helped people in the war. And for his birthday, they gave Seryozha a puppy ...
5. 1. Look at the pictures G-23 (23.1 - 23.3), put them in order. Work with them according to the algorithm. Write a story about them.
2. h What do you think the soldiers who won the war were like?
* What, in your opinion, should be done to become a good defender of the Motherland?
Q Explain the expression: "Peace-peace."
3. Why do they say so: h A skilled fighter is a good fellow everywhere! * Courage is important, but skill is needed.
Q Who stands for a just cause - he will always win.
The number of professions appearing and disappearing at the same time is very large. Most of us do not know now who a joker is, but the term "copywriter" is familiar to almost everyone. In order to understand the functionality of each profession, people use special literature. And in order to understand which area this or that position belongs to, you need to read our material.
Division of professions
In the world community of linguists, it is customary to divide professions according to various criteria, grouping them together into small clusters. Such groupings help to identify the same activities and generalize them.
All professions are divided according to various criteria.
According to the type of work, there are classes of professions - gnostic, transforming, exploratory:
- Transformative. Such professions are associated with a change in various properties or states of the object of labor. Knowledge in this case is not an end in itself. Prominent representatives of this group will be people who work as cooks, bakers, builders. There is a clear change in the properties of the original material. A baker bakes bakery products from raw products, cooks change the properties of raw vegetables and fruits by boiling them in boiling water, builders knead dry cement and leave it to harden. Not suitable, for example, the profession of a driver - there is no clear change in properties.
- Gnostic professions (from the ancient Greek word "gnosis", meaning knowledge). These are professions that are associated exclusively with the cognitive industry. At the same time, they organically fit into material production. There are many such professions, and they are very diverse. Recognition, recognition, control, classification, verification by known features, sorting, research and evaluation are considered as the final product. Representatives include a laboratory assistant, an art historian. The medical examiner is also a profession of the Gnostic type.
- Refining. In this case, the main focus becomes the search for something, an activity that will help invent something new, come up with a solution. Representatives are people whose work is connected with the invention of the new and the transformation of the old. These are educators and teachers, programmers, mathematicians, engineers, pattern cutters.
Division by means of labor
According to the means of labor, professions are divided into:
- using mechanized weapons. These are professions that involve the management of machines or mechanisms in their activities. Such machines are created using manual control to transform something, to move. The classic representatives of this profession will be a turner or a machine driver who, with the help of control, moves loads or gives shape to a workpiece.
- Using hand tools that are necessary to perform the very function of labor. Representatives are locksmiths, cartographers, artists, laboratory assistants.
- Using automated weapons. Such professions involve the management of machines, various devices. Workers - operators of incubation divisions, sound recording operators.
- Functional means of the human body. These are professions in which the main activity is thinking and reference. For example, a conductor or an acrobat.
Division by working conditions
According to working conditions, professions are divided by type of work:
- In the open air - agronomists, tractor drivers, fitters. Work involves sudden changes in temperature.
- Household type - accountant, programmer. This is office or laboratory work.
- Unusual - under water, at high altitude, in conditions of extreme heat. Representatives - divers, miners.
- With an increased level of moral responsibility - such employees are responsible for human health, his life, material values. These are teachers, judges, sellers.
Classification of professions
All over the world it is customary to divide existing professions into certain classes. In Russia, the table compiled by E. A. Klimov is popular.
According to his classification, there are 5 main types:
- Man is technology. These are people who interact with inanimate objects, most often technical ones. For example - an electrician, a repairman, a turner.
- Man is nature. They deal with animals, forests, microorganisms. This is a veterinarian, agronomist, master horticulturalist, livestock specialist.
- Man is man. The subject of research, service, transformation are communities, social strata, groups, people of different ages. Representatives - doctors, teachers, salespeople, engineers, teachers, guides.
- Man is an artistic image. A representative of this profession sees the world as creative, tries to highlight the beautiful. The environment excites him only from the point of view of the possibility of adding beauty, affecting form or emotion. Outstanding representatives are artists, restorers, tuners, ballet dancers, drama theatre, composers, decorators.
Gnostic majors
Gnostic professions are professions that, as a result of activity, do not produce new products or goods. This is an appraisal area. The Gnostic class of professions is often associated with cultural activities and science.
Gnostic professions do not participate in the creation of the new. Most often, they evaluate existing, previously produced products or individual parameters.
Outstanding representatives: merchandiser, art critic, criminologist, radiologist.
Profession examples
Each profession combines various characteristics belonging to classes, types and types of different directions.
Transformative Majors | Survey Professions | Gnostic professions |
|
Seed grower, trainer, breeder | Gardener, milkmaid, veterinarian | Sorter of fish, vegetables, fruits, milk receiver, egg sorter |
|
Caster, watchmaker, car mechanic | Crane operator, tractor driver, driver | Pilot-observer, hydroacoustician, laboratory assistant for mechanical tests |
|
Plastic surgeon, psychiatrist, psychologist | Masseur, salesperson, therapist | Watchman, sanitary doctor, watchman, investigator, journalist |
|
Translator, cutter, coder | Programmer, linguist, mathematician | Drawing inspector, accountant-auditor, proofreader, standardizer |
|
Florist, artist, writer | Porcelain painter, fashion designer, sculptor | Critic, music controller, antiquary |
The Gnostic class is called upon:
- explore, distinguish, recognize, determine, verify;
- evaluate, understand difficult and complex phenomena, draw conclusions based on various features of the object);
- check according to previously familiar signs, sort, and so on.
Gnostic professions, the list of which is very long - the controller of technical control (technology), the corrector (this is a sign system), the critic (this is an artistic image), the expert of buildings and structures (this is architecture), the sanitary doctor (the sphere is a person), the laboratory assistant of analysis (this is nature), etc., may overlap with other professions and types.
Where is the Gnostic type found?
Gnostic professions, the list of which is endless, can be found anywhere. In the clinic and in the field, at the construction site, and at the factory, in the trading floor of a supermarket or store. Gnostic professions can be classified into any of the five common types of professions: inspector-acceptor of manufactured products, critic, proofreader, sanitary doctor.
Transformative professions
The most numerous is the class of professions, which, according to its goals, is actively associated with a change in the properties of the objects of labor. That is why this class is called transforming. For such professions, psychologists, when compiling a career guidance map, use the abbreviation "Pr" - according to the first letters of the keyword. This class is the broadest, because often the cognitive activity is not the main one, but only steps ahead of the transformative one and is a by-product.
Transformative activity should be understood as any action, as a result of which the object of labor will change its properties, position in space, and vice versa, will actively retain its original properties. The class of these professions is widespread in various fields: a teacher, a carpenter, a draftsman, a field farmer, a restorer.
survey work
The Gnostic professions, examples of which have been discussed above, are very different from the exploratory ones. In the research class, only the goal of the work is brought to the fore, which implies the invention of something, where you need to come up with or define a new solution to the problem. In classifications, it is customary to designate this class with the letter "I". These are professions of practical application. Often they are confused with the Gnostic, associated with special research. The Gnostic professions, whose purpose of labor is to recognize and classify, in this context differ very much from the exploratory ones. The work of a geologist, for example, often causes disputes among specialists as to where to attribute it.
Distinguishing Features of the Gnostic Professions
The Gnostic professions, examples of which were given earlier, are characterized by certain features that help to distinguish them from the general mass. In this class, any of the specialists does not independently participate in the production of new products, but only evaluates individual existing ones. These products are always made by other specialists and cannot arise on their own.
Also, representatives of gnostic professions can evaluate individual parameters of a product. A distinctive feature that unites all specialists is a high interest in the properties, features of certain objects or products, as well as their comparison.
Variety of Gnostic Specialties
The gnostic professions are so diverse that among all of them a separate independent group stands out, united by leading actions that are used to achieve the goals of a gnostic nature. These include: classification - sorting, checking according to qualities known in advance, research - deepening into more complex connections of hidden, not immediately visible and obvious processes or phenomena.
Employee Requirements
The specialties of this class impose certain personal and professional requirements on the employee. The main thing that distinguishes the Gnostic professions is the purpose of labor. Examples of requirements for an employee: very pronounced cognitive activity, high observation, attention stability, high-level performance, tirelessness and endurance of the necessary sensory organs. Quality control of products or evaluation of objects often affects the interests of other people. For impartial and qualitative research, the firmness of the position, the manifestation of integrity in the conclusions drawn, are important.
Examples
Examples of professions of a gnostic character are found at every turn. Let's say a cutter who works in an atelier. Each time, starting individual tailoring, he must change his activities, focusing on the figure of the client, the texture of the fabric, the style of the model.
In fact, he solves non-standard and creative tasks throughout the working day. The class of such professions - surveying - is extremely small.
Intersection of classes and goals
It is very rare that professions are clearly distinguished in which one type or class predominates. There cannot be only gnostic professions, only exploratory or only transformative ones. Most often, in the work that a person is engaged in, there are several goals: to recognize, and to invent, and to transform. In many specialties, the purpose of labor contains two elements, or even each of them. In order to determine whether the professions are gnostic or exploratory, and to attribute them to a certain class, it will be necessary to first determine which of the elements of goals constitutes the main, main content of all activity, and which element has a secondary value.
For example, a doctor, in order to treat a person, must first find out and make a diagnosis. At the beginning of his work, there will certainly be an element of exploratory activity and recognition, but the main content and meaning of all medical specialties is aimed at healing and healing the patient, and therefore - at his transformation.
Self-development
